Which of the following is the name for the shaft of a long bone?
Diaphysis
Periosteum
Cortex
Osteoid
The Correct Answer is A
A. The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone, the central part that extends between the two epiphyses (ends). It is primarily composed of compact bone and houses the bone marrow.
B. The periosteum is a dense layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones, except at the joints. It does not represent the shaft of the bone.
C. The cortex refers to the outer layer of the bone, specifically the compact bone that surrounds the spongy bone in the diaphysis. It is not synonymous with the shaft.
D. Osteoid is the organic matrix of bone tissue, composed of collagen and other proteins, but it does not refer to the shaft of a bone.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While phagocytes can move to areas of damage, their primary function is not to clump together and adhere to tissues, but rather to engulf and digest foreign materials.
B. Phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils, are specialized white blood cells that ingest and digest foreign pathogens, dead cells, and debris within damaged tissues. This is their main characteristic and function.
C. The release of histamine is typically associated with mast cells, not phagocytes. Histamine helps to initiate inflammatory responses, but phagocytes are involved in engulfing pathogens rather than releasing histamine.
D. Transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues is the role of red blood cells, not phagocytes. Phagocytes are involved in immune defense, not oxygen transport.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. K+ levels typically decrease in respiratory alkalosis due to cellular shifts in potassium as the body compensates for the pH change.
B. HCO3 (bicarbonate) levels initially decrease as a compensatory mechanism to counteract the increased pH, but it is not a direct characteristic of respiratory alkalosis.
C. pH increases in respiratory alkalosis as a result of hyperventilation, which causes excessive exhalation of CO2, leading to a higher blood pH (alkalosis).
D. Ca2+ (calcium) levels can be affected by pH changes, but a decrease in ionized calcium is more commonly seen in alkalosis, not an increase.
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