Which of the following describes the effect of air entering the pleural space?
Increases the vital capacity
Increases the residual capacity
Compresses the chest wall, causing the lung on the affected side to collapse
Compresses the lung, causing the lung on the affected side to collapse
The Correct Answer is D
A. Air entering the pleural space (such as in a pneumothorax) does not increase the vital capacity; rather, it reduces lung expansion and can decrease lung volumes.
B. Air in the pleural space does not increase the residual capacity. It may interfere with the normal functioning of the lungs and reduce the effective air exchange.
C. The pleural space is between the lung and the chest wall. When air enters this space (pneumothorax), it causes the lung on the affected side to collapse due to loss of the negative pressure that holds the lung expanded. It does not compress the chest wall.
D. When air enters the pleural space, it causes the lung on the affected side to collapse, as the air disrupts the negative pressure in the pleural cavity that keeps the lungs inflated. This results in a condition known as pneumothorax.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and estradiol are hormones related to sex and stress but are not primarily involved in the fight-or-flight response.
B. Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine are the key hormones released by the adrenal medulla during the fight-or-flight response. These hormones increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supply to prepare the body for rapid action in stressful situations. This is the correct answer.
C. Ghrelin and kisspeptin are involved in hunger and reproductive functions, not the acute stress response.
D. Insulin and glucagon are involved in regulating blood sugar, but they are not the primary hormones released during the fight-or-flight response.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Vitamin B12 is not synthesized in the skin. It is primarily absorbed through the digestive system from dietary sources such as meat and dairy products.
B. Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight, specifically ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, which triggers the production of vitamin D3, a precursor to the active form of vitamin D.
C. Vitamin A is obtained from dietary sources, such as fruits and vegetables, and is not synthesized in the skin.
D. Vitamin K is primarily absorbed from food and produced by bacteria in the intestines, not synthesized in the skin.
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