Which of the following describes the effect of air entering the pleural space?
Increases the vital capacity
Increases the residual capacity
Compresses the chest wall, causing the lung on the affected side to collapse
Compresses the lung, causing the lung on the affected side to collapse
The Correct Answer is D
A. Air entering the pleural space (such as in a pneumothorax) does not increase the vital capacity; rather, it reduces lung expansion and can decrease lung volumes.
B. Air in the pleural space does not increase the residual capacity. It may interfere with the normal functioning of the lungs and reduce the effective air exchange.
C. The pleural space is between the lung and the chest wall. When air enters this space (pneumothorax), it causes the lung on the affected side to collapse due to loss of the negative pressure that holds the lung expanded. It does not compress the chest wall.
D. When air enters the pleural space, it causes the lung on the affected side to collapse, as the air disrupts the negative pressure in the pleural cavity that keeps the lungs inflated. This results in a condition known as pneumothorax.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone, the central part that extends between the two epiphyses (ends). It is primarily composed of compact bone and houses the bone marrow.
B. The periosteum is a dense layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones, except at the joints. It does not represent the shaft of the bone.
C. The cortex refers to the outer layer of the bone, specifically the compact bone that surrounds the spongy bone in the diaphysis. It is not synonymous with the shaft.
D. Osteoid is the organic matrix of bone tissue, composed of collagen and other proteins, but it does not refer to the shaft of a bone.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The heart is composed of cardiac muscle tissue, not smooth muscle. Cardiac muscle is specialized for rhythmic contractions to pump blood.
B. The rectus abdominis is composed of skeletal muscle tissue, which is voluntary and allows for movement of the trunk.
C. The esophagus contains smooth muscle tissue in its walls, which is responsible for the involuntary contractions (peristalsis) that move food from the mouth to the stomach.
D. The pectoralis major is composed of skeletal muscle tissue, which allows for voluntary control of arm movements.
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