Which of the following manifestations are commonly seen in an end stage renal disease patient with fluid overload?
Hypotension
Polyuria
Weight loss
Edema
The Correct Answer is D
A. Hypotension: Fluid overload typically causes hypertension, not hypotension.
B. Polyuria: ESRD patients typically have oliguria or anuria, not excessive urine output.
C. Weight loss: Fluid overload leads to weight gain due to fluid retention.
D. Edema: Fluid overload causes peripheral and pulmonary edema due to impaired kidney function. Clients may also experience hypertension, dyspnea, and crackles.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Chloride level would be decreased: Metabolic alkalosis is often associated with hypochloremia, especially when caused by vomiting or diuretics. However, hypokalemia is more clinically significant.
B. Sodium level would be elevated: Sodium levels are not directly affected by metabolic alkalosis.
C. Magnesium level would be elevated: Magnesium levels are not significantly altered in metabolic alkalosis.
D. Potassium level would be decreased: A bicarbonate level of 30 mEq/L indicates metabolic alkalosis. In alkalosis, hydrogen ions shift out of the cells, and potassium moves into the cells, leading to hypokalemia.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Respiratory Acidosis: Respiratory acidosis results from inadequate ventilation leading to CO₂ retention, which is unrelated to kidney failure.
B. Metabolic Alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis occurs due to excessive loss of acids (e.g., vomiting) or excess bicarbonate intake. Acute renal failure causes acid retention, not loss.
C. Respiratory Alkalosis: Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation and excessive CO₂ loss, not renal dysfunction.
D. Metabolic acidosis: The kidneys play a vital role in acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate. Acute renal failure impairs these functions, leading to acid retention and metabolic acidosis.
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