Which of the following medications would you anticipate being prescribed for the renal failure patient who has hyperphosphatemia?
Calcium carbonate
Sensipar (Cinacicet)
Levothyroxine
Vitamin D (Calcitrol)
The Correct Answer is A
A. Calcium carbonate: This is commonly used as a phosphate binder in patients with renal failure and hyperphosphatemia. It works by binding dietary phosphate in the gut, reducing its absorption, and thereby helping to lower serum phosphate levels.
B. Sensipar (Cinacalcet): Cinacalcet is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease. It works by increasing the sensitivity of calcium-sensing receptors in the parathyroid gland to lower PTH levels.
C. Levothyroxine: This is a synthetic thyroid hormone used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. It does not have any role in managing phosphate levels in renal failure patients.
D. Vitamin D (Calcitriol): Calcitriol helps manage hypocalcemia and suppresses parathyroid hormone secretion in CKD. However, it may increase phosphate absorption from the gut, potentially worsening hyperphosphatemia if not carefully monitored.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Atrophy of the remaining kidney: In cases of unilateral kidney loss, the remaining kidney typically does not atrophy but instead adapts to compensate for the lost function. Atrophy would be unlikely unless there is an underlying disease affecting the remaining kidney.
B. Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney: When one kidney is removed or nonfunctional, the remaining kidney often undergoes compensatory hypertrophy, increasing in size and function to handle the body's metabolic needs. This process helps maintain adequate renal function despite loss of one kidney.
C. Renal failure: While loss of one kidney reduces overall renal mass, a healthy remaining kidney usually compensates sufficiently to prevent renal failure. Renal failure is unlikely unless the remaining kidney has preexisting damage or disease.
D. Dysplasia in the remaining kidney: Dysplasia refers to abnormal development or growth of tissue, typically congenital. It is not an expected response to removal of the opposite kidney. The remaining kidney usually develops normally unless affected by a congenital abnormality.
Correct Answer is True
Explanation
The adrenal cortex is vital for life because it produces key hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. Cortisol helps regulate metabolism, stress responses, and immune function. Aldosterone maintains sodium and potassium balance, crucial for blood pressure and fluid regulation. Without these hormones, the body cannot sustain essential physiological processes.
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