Which of the following statements matches correctly the term with the correct description.

A. Blood glucose levels in DKA are typically higher than in HHS: In fact, HHS usually presents with higher blood glucose levels than DKA—often exceeding 600 mg/dL, while DKA typically ranges from 250 to 600 mg/dL.

B. DKA involves significant ketosis and metabolic acidosis, while HHS typically does not: DKA is characterized by the breakdown of fats into ketones, leading to metabolic acidosis. HHS typically lacks significant ketosis because insulin levels, while low, are still sufficient to suppress ketogenesis.

C. DKA is more common in type 1 diabetes, while HHS is more common in type 2 diabetes: DKA usually occurs in individuals with type 1 diabetes due to absolute insulin deficiency. HHS is more often seen in type 2 diabetics who still produce some insulin but not enough to prevent severe hyperglycemia and dehydration.

D. None of the above: This choice is incorrect, as B, C, and E are valid differences between DKA and HHS.

E. HHS patients often have more severe dehydration than DKA patients: HHS leads to profound osmotic diuresis over a longer period, causing extreme dehydration. DKA progresses faster but with less total fluid loss compared to HHS.

A. Diverticulitis: This condition involves inflammation or infection of diverticula (small pouches) in the colon wall, typically presenting with localized pain and not characterized by “cobblestone” appearance or skipped lesions seen on colonoscopy.

B. Crohn's Disease: The description of “cobblestone” mucosa, skipped lesions, and thickened bowel walls resembling “lead pipes” are classic features of Crohn’s disease. It can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and presents with patchy, transmural inflammation causing thickening and characteristic endoscopic findings.

C. Diverticulosis: This condition involves the presence of diverticula without inflammation. It does not cause the cobblestone or skipped lesion appearance seen in inflammatory bowel disease and is generally asymptomatic unless complicated by diverticulitis.

D. Ulcerative Colitis: This disease causes continuous inflammation usually starting in the rectum and extending proximally, leading to a loss of haustral markings but does not typically present with skipped lesions or a cobblestone appearance. The colon wall tends to be thin rather than thickened.