What have you learned about acute pancreatitis? (Select all that apply)
Secretions include amylase
Contains proteolytic enzymes that break down dietary proteins
Pancreatic enzymes auto-digest pancreatic cells and tissue
A reversible inflammatory process
Cardinal manifestation is abdominal pain - could be midabdominal, could be epigastric
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E
A. Secretions include amylase: Amylase is a digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas that helps break down carbohydrates. Elevated serum amylase is a common diagnostic marker in acute pancreatitis.
B. Contains proteolytic enzymes that break down dietary proteins: The pancreas produces proteolytic enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin, which digest proteins in the small intestine under normal conditions.
C. Pancreatic enzymes auto-digest pancreatic cells and tissue: In acute pancreatitis, premature activation of these enzymes inside the pancreas leads to self-digestion and inflammation of pancreatic tissue.
D. A reversible inflammatory process: Acute pancreatitis is typically reversible with prompt treatment, unlike chronic pancreatitis which involves permanent structural damage and functional loss.
E. Cardinal manifestation is abdominal pain – could be midabdominal, could be epigastric: Severe abdominal pain is the hallmark symptom, commonly located in the epigastric or midabdominal region and may radiate to the back.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Bruton's disorder: Also known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia, this is a primary immunodeficiency that results in absent or reduced B cells and recurrent bacterial infections. It does not involve distinct facial features or limb defects as described in the question.
B. SCID: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency involves profound defects in both B and T lymphocyte function, leading to severe infections early in life. It is not associated with the described craniofacial abnormalities or limb deformities.
C. Potter syndrome: This condition is caused by severe oligohydramnios, often due to bilateral renal agenesis, and leads to characteristic physical features including widely spaced eyes with epicanthic folds, low-set ears, a broad or beaked nose, a receding chin, and limb deformities.
D. Down Syndrome: While individuals with Down Syndrome often have characteristic facial features such as upslanting palpebral fissures, flat nasal bridges, and low-set ears, they typically do not have beak-like noses, receding chins, or limb defects in the way described.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
A. Blood glucose levels in DKA are typically higher than in HHS: In fact, HHS usually presents with higher blood glucose levels than DKA—often exceeding 600 mg/dL, while DKA typically ranges from 250 to 600 mg/dL.
B. DKA involves significant ketosis and metabolic acidosis, while HHS typically does not: DKA is characterized by the breakdown of fats into ketones, leading to metabolic acidosis. HHS typically lacks significant ketosis because insulin levels, while low, are still sufficient to suppress ketogenesis.
C. DKA is more common in type 1 diabetes, while HHS is more common in type 2 diabetes: DKA usually occurs in individuals with type 1 diabetes due to absolute insulin deficiency. HHS is more often seen in type 2 diabetics who still produce some insulin but not enough to prevent severe hyperglycemia and dehydration.
D. None of the above: This choice is incorrect, as B, C, and E are valid differences between DKA and HHS.
E. HHS patients often have more severe dehydration than DKA patients: HHS leads to profound osmotic diuresis over a longer period, causing extreme dehydration. DKA progresses faster but with less total fluid loss compared to HHS.
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