Which of the following statements best describes the effect of hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on urine output?
Urine output increases and becomes concentrated.
Urine output increases and becomes dilute.
Urine output decreases and becomes concentrated.
Urine output decreases and becomes dilute.
The Correct Answer is B
In diabetes insipidus, the hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leads to decreased water reabsorption in the kidneys, resulting in increased urine output. The urine produced is dilute and lacks the normal concentration of solutes.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Urine output increases, but it becomes dilute, not concentrated.
c. This choice is incorrect. Urine output increases, and the urine becomes dilute, not concentrated.
d. This choice is incorrect. Urine output increases, but it becomes dilute, not concentrated.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The desmopressin stimulation test involves administering synthetic ADH (desmopressin) to assess the response of the kidneys and differentiate between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. The glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus.
b. This choice is incorrect. A serum electrolyte panel provides information about electrolyte levels but is not specific to diabetes insipidus diagnosis.
c. This choice is incorrect. The water deprivation test, not the desmopressin stimulation test, is used to diagnose diabetes insipidus and assess the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Desmopressin (DDAVP) can lead to excessive water retention, which may dilute the blood and potentially cause hypoglycemia, especially in clients with diabetes mellitus.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Desmopressin therapy is not typically associated with hypertension.
c. This choice is incorrect. Hyperkalemia is not a common adverse effect of desmopressin therapy.
d. This choice is incorrect. While fluid retention is a potential effect of desmopressin therapy, it is not typically associated with adverse outcomes.
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