Which of the following structures are part of the lower respiratory tract? (Select All that Apply)
Trachea
Pharynx
Lungs
Bronchial tree
Larynx
Correct Answer : A,C,D
A. Trachea: The trachea is the beginning of the lower respiratory tract and conducts air to the bronchi.
B. Pharynx: The pharynx is part of the upper respiratory system.
C. Lungs: The lungs are the primary organs of the lower respiratory tract responsible for gas exchange.
D. Bronchial tree: The bronchial tree, including bronchi and bronchioles, is part of the lower respiratory system.
E. Larynx: The larynx is the uppermost structure of the lower respiratory system in some classifications but is more commonly considered part of the upper respiratory tract.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. They are surfactant secreting membranes: Surfactant is secreted by alveolar cells, not pleural membranes.
B. They line the inner wall of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles: These are lined by mucosa, not pleura.
C. They are serous membranes: The visceral pleura covers the lungs; the parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity.
D. They line the mediastinum: The pleura surround the lungs, not the mediastinum specifically.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Decreased K⁺ levels: Not related to respiratory drive.
B. Increased O₂ levels: May actually suppress the drive to breathe in COPD patients.
C. Decreased CO₂ levels: Would reduce respiratory drive, not increase it.
D. Increased CO₂ levels: Correct; high CO₂ levels stimulate the respiratory center to increase breathing rate.
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