Which of the following vaccines is typically recommended for adolescents to protect against certain types of cancer?

Explanation: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium (lining of the membranes that surround the joints), causing inflammation, pain, and joint damage.

Incorrect choices:

a. Allergic rhinitis is an allergic response to airborne allergens, such as pollen or pet dander, not an autoimmune disorder.

c. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, and it primarily affects the small intestine.

d. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

Explanation: Receiving antibodies through placenta during pregnancy. Passive immunity is acquired when preformed antibodies are transferred from one individual to another, providing immediate but temporary protection. This can occur naturally through breastfeeding or artificially through administration of preformed antibodies, as in the case of placental transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby.

Incorrect choices:

a. Receiving a flu vaccine involves active immunity, where the body is exposed to an attenuated or inactivated pathogen to stimulate the production of antibodies and memory cells for long-term protection.

b. Developing immunity after recovering from a viral infection is an example of active immunity, where the body mounts an immune response and produces memory cells to provide long-lasting protection against the pathogen.

d. Producing memory cells after exposure to a pathogen is part of the adaptive immune response and contributes to long-term immunity, not passive immunity.