Which of the following would alert the nurse that a client with diabetes insipidus may be getting too much desmopressin?

Choice A reason: This statement is true. The client should report black or bloody bowel movements, as they may indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, which is a serious complication of warfarin therapy. Warfarin is an anticoagulant that prevents blood clots, but it can also increase the risk of bleeding.

Choice B reason: This statement is false. The client should not limit all fruits and vegetables, as they are important sources of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. However, the client should be consistent with their intake of foods that contain vitamin K, such as leafy greens, broccoli, and cabbage, as vitamin K can counteract the effects of warfarin and reduce its efficacy.

Choice C reason: This statement is true. The client should report coffee ground or bloody emesis, as they may indicate upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which is another serious complication of warfarin therapy. Coffee ground emesis is vomit that looks like coffee grounds, caused by the presence of digested blood.

Choice D reason: This statement is true. The client should use a soft-bristled toothbrush, as it can prevent gum bleeding, which is a minor side effect of warfarin therapy. The client should also avoid dental flossing or using toothpicks that may injure the gums.

Choice E reason: This statement is true. The client should shave with an electric razor instead of a razor blade, as it can prevent skin cuts or nicks, which may bleed excessively due to warfarin therapy. The client should also avoid activities that may cause bruises or injuries, such as contact sports or gardening.

Choice A reason: This statement is false. Atorvastatin is not a medication that the nurse should hold, as it is used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular events. It does not have a significant effect on blood pressure, heart rate, or blood glucose.

Choice B reason: This statement is true. Captopril is a medication that the nurse should hold, as it is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that lowers blood pressure and prevents kidney damage. However, it can also cause hyperkalemia, which is a condition where the potassium level is too high. The client has a high potassium level, which can cause cardiac arrhythmias or muscle weakness. The nurse should hold the captopril and notify the prescriber.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. Atenolol is not a medication that the nurse should hold, as it is a beta-blocker that lowers blood pressure and heart rate. It can also prevent angina and reduce the risk of heart attack. The client has a normal heart rate and a slightly elevated blood pressure, which can be expected after surgery. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs and administer the atenolol as ordered.

Choice D reason: This statement is false. Glipizide is not a medication that the nurse should hold, as it is an oral antidiabetic drug that lowers blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. The client has a normal blood glucose level, which can be maintained by taking the glipizide as ordered. The nurse should also encourage the client to follow a balanced diet and exercise regimen.