Which physiological change should a nurse expect to observe when assessing an elderly client?

Diminished attention span.

Decreased sensory acuity.

Increased need for rest.

Enhanced intestinal motility.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Decreased sensory acuity. This is a physiological change that occurs in elderly people due to the reduced function of the sensory organs, such as the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. Elderly people may experience impaired vision, hearing loss, reduced smell and taste, and decreased touch sensitivity.

Choice A is wrong because diminished attention span is not a normal physiological change in elderly people. It may be a sign of cognitive impairment or dementia.

Choice C is wrong because the increased need for rest is not a normal physiological change in elderly people. It may be a sign of fatigue, depression, or medical conditions.

Choice D is wrong because enhanced intestinal motility is not a normal physiological change in elderly people. It may be a sign of gastrointestinal disorders or infections.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

On a regular schedule around the clock. This is because when pain is present for more than 12 hours a day, analgesic dosages are best administered around the clock rather than on an as-needed basis.

Choice A is wrong because waiting for the client to exhibit physiologic symptoms of pain may delay the administration of analgesics and cause unnecessary suffering. Physiologic symptoms of pain are not always reliable indicators of pain intensity or quality.

Choice B is wrong because administering analgesics prior to painful activities may not provide adequate pain relief throughout the day. Painful activities may vary depending on the client’s condition and preferences.

Choice D is wrong because relying on the client’s request may not ensure optimal pain management. Some clients may be reluctant to ask for analgesics due to fear of addiction, side effects, or being perceived as weak.

A. Close the window and remove the client’s oxygen. B. Sound the fire alarm and activate the emergency response system. C. Cover the client with a blanket to smother the flames. D. Remove the client from the room and close the door.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

This is the priority action because it follows the RACE acronym for fire safety: Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish. The nurse should first rescue the client from immediate danger by smothering the flames with a blanket.

This will also help contain the fire and prevent it from spreading.

Choice A is wrong because closing the window and removing the client’s oxygen will not put out the fire.

Oxygen is not flammable, but it can make a fire burn faster and hotter. Removing the oxygen source may help reduce the intensity of the fire, but it will not extinguish it.

Choice B is wrong because sounding the fire alarm and activating the emergency response system are important steps, but they are not the priority. The nurse should first ensure the client’s safety before alerting others and calling for help.

Choice D is wrong because removing the client from the room and closing the door may expose the client to more harm and make the fire worse.

The nurse should not move the client unless it is absolutely necessary, as this may cause further injury or infection. Closing the door may create a backdraft, which is a sudden explosion of fire caused by oxygen rushing into an enclosed space.

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Which physiological change should a nurse expect to observe when assessing an elderly client?

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