Which populations are at a higher risk for dehydration?

A. Carbohydrates do not contain lithium. Lithium is not a naturally occurring element in organic compounds relevant to nutrition or energy metabolism in the human body, so this option is incorrect.

B. Carbohydrates are classified as organic compounds because they contain carbon bonded to hydrogen and oxygen. While they do contain hydrogen and oxygen, being an organic molecule requires the presence of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Therefore, calling them inorganic is incorrect.

C. Carbohydrates do not contain nitrogen as a primary component. Nitrogen is found in proteins and nucleic acids but is not part of the basic chemical structure of carbohydrates.

D. Carbohydrates are a group of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, typically with a hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio of 2:1, similar to water (H₂O). They are a primary source of energy for the body because they can be broken down into glucose, which is used in cellular respiration to produce ATP, the energy currency of cells. Carbohydrates also serve as storage molecules, such as glycogen in animals and starch in plants, and structural molecules, like cellulose in plant cell walls and chitin in the exoskeletons of some animals. They are classified into monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose and fructose), disaccharides (such as sucrose and lactose), and polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, and cellulose), each serving distinct roles in energy provision, storage, and structural support.

A. A normal BMI is defined as 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m². BMI is a screening tool used to assess body weight relative to height and estimate body fat. Values within this range are associated with a lower risk of weight-related health problems, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain metabolic disorders.

B. A BMI of 40 kg/m² is classified as class III obesity (severe or morbid obesity). Individuals in this range are at high risk for multiple health complications, including heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.

C. A BMI of 25 to 29 kg/m² falls into the overweight category. While not as severe as obesity, being overweight still increases the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular conditions.

D. A BMI of less than 18.5 kg/m² is considered underweight. Being underweight can indicate malnutrition, eating disorders, or underlying medical conditions and is associated with increased risk for anemia, osteoporosis, and impaired immune function.