Which query by the nurse is likely to elicit the most information regarding a client's use of medications to treat a chronic cough?

What medications have you taken for your cough?

What medications are you currently taking?

Have you been prescribed any medications for your cough?

Have you tried any generic brands of cough syrup?

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

This open-ended question encourages the client to provide a comprehensive list of all medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, that they have used for their cough. This approach minimizes leading the client and maximizes the opportunity for the client to recall and articulate their complete medication history, including dosage and duration.

Choice B rationale

This question is broad and asks about all current medications, which may not specifically focus on the chronic cough. While important for a general medication history, it might not elicit the specific information needed regarding therapies used *for the cough*, potentially missing medications taken in the past or those specifically targeting the cough.

Choice C rationale

This is a closed-ended question that elicits a "yes" or "no" response. While it confirms prescription medication use, it does not encourage the client to elaborate on the specific names, dosages, or effectiveness of those medications, thereby limiting the depth of information obtained about their chronic cough management.

Choice D rationale

This question is very specific and focuses only on generic brands of cough syrup, which is a narrow scope. It might inadvertently exclude information about brand-name medications, other forms of cough medications (e.g., pills, inhalers), or other types of treatments the client may have tried for their chronic cough, thus limiting a full history.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Smoking, due to the stimulant effects of nicotine, does not decrease the need for REM sleep. In fact, nicotine withdrawal during sleep can disrupt sleep architecture, often leading to reduced REM sleep and overall poorer sleep quality. REM sleep is essential for cognitive function and emotional regulation.

Choice B rationale

While some individuals might initially fall asleep soundly, the stimulating effects of nicotine wear off during the night. Nicotine withdrawal can lead to increased arousals, making it unlikely for a smoker to sleep soundly through the first half of the night with only increased arousals later.

Choice C rationale

Nicotine is a central nervous system stimulant, directly affecting neurotransmitter systems like acetylcholine and dopamine. This stimulation makes it difficult for smokers to initiate sleep, increasing sleep latency. Furthermore, as nicotine levels drop during the night, withdrawal symptoms like cravings and irritability lead to fragmented, light sleep with frequent awakenings and arousals.

Choice D rationale

Smoking significantly increases sleep latency, which is the amount of time it takes to fall asleep. The stimulating effects of nicotine interfere with the body's natural sleep-wake cycle. Consequently, smokers experience reduced total sleep time due to difficulty falling asleep and frequent awakenings throughout the night.

A. Measure the client's capillary glucose. B. Palpate the client's dorsalis pedis pulses. C. Ask if the client often feels weak or hungry. D. Compare the range of motion of both legs.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Measuring capillary glucose provides information about current blood sugar levels, which is crucial for managing diabetes. However, shiny, hairless lower legs are indicative of chronic peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a microvascular complication, and while hyperglycemia contributes to PAD, a single glucose reading doesn't directly assess arterial perfusion.

Choice B rationale

Shiny skin and absent hair growth on the lower legs are classic signs of peripheral arterial insufficiency, indicating reduced blood flow to the extremities. Palpating the dorsalis pedis pulses directly assesses the patency and strength of peripheral arteries, providing objective data on arterial perfusion and supporting the suspicion of compromised circulation. Normal pulses are usually palpable and regular.

Choice C rationale

Asking about weakness or hunger relates to symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, which are acute metabolic imbalances in diabetes. While important for overall diabetic management, these symptoms do not directly assess the vascular integrity or perfusion status of the lower extremities, which is indicated by the observed skin and hair changes.

Choice D rationale

Comparing the range of motion of both legs assesses joint mobility and musculoskeletal integrity. While diabetes can lead to musculoskeletal complications like stiff joints, this assessment does not directly address the vascular changes (shiny skin, hair loss) that are indicative of impaired arterial blood flow to the lower limbs.

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Which query by the nurse is likely to elicit the most information regarding a client's use of medications to treat a chronic cough?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An adult male client tells the nurse that he smokes approximately one pack of cigarettes daily. How can the nurse expect smoking to affect this client's sleep?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse observes that the lower legs of a client with diabetes mellitus are shiny and with no hair growth. To obtain additional data to support these findings, which assessment should the nurse perform?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client states, "I am legally blind.”. Which assessment technique should the nurse use to obtain data to support the client's statement?

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An older adult male client reports nocturia with difficulty starting his urine stream. Which additional assessment should the nurse perform to obtain further data related to this information?