Which region had the highest burden of TB according to the World Health Organization (WHO) report in 2020?

Choice A rationale:

This statement indicates the client understands the nurse's teaching about shingles. The client should avoid contact with pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, newborns, and those who have not had chickenpox or been vaccinated against it. Shingles is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Direct contact with shingles lesions can transmit the virus to susceptible individuals, leading to chickenpox in those who have not had it before.

Choice B rationale:

Direct contact with family members, especially if they are part of the vulnerable populations mentioned, should be avoided until the shingles lesions are crusted over. This is to prevent transmission of the virus to susceptible individuals.

Choice C rationale:

Respiratory hygiene is still important for individuals with shingles, even though the virus is primarily spread through contact with the lesions. Respiratory droplets can potentially transmit the virus to others, so it's essential to follow good hygiene practices.

Choice D rationale:

Sharing personal items should be avoided during shingles, as it can increase the risk of transmission to others who have not had chickenpox or been vaccinated.

Choice B rationale:

Choice B reflects an understanding of the treatment regimen for latent TB infection (LTBI) Chemoprophylaxis is the treatment of choice for LTBI to prevent the development of active TB disease. The most common medication used for chemoprophylaxis is isoniazid (INH) While taking the medication, it is essential for the client to monitor for any adverse effects that may occur, such as hepatotoxicity. Regular follow-ups and liver function tests may be necessary during treatment. Additionally, monitoring for drug resistance is crucial to ensure that the medication remains effective in preventing active TB. Choices A and D are incorrect statements. Chemoprophylaxis requires taking the medication for an extended period, usually six to nine months, not just a few days. Choice C is also incorrect; chemoprophylaxis is often recommended for close contacts of active TB cases to prevent the progression to active disease. Choice C seems to confuse chemoprophylaxis (preventing progression from LTBI to active TB) with post-exposure prophylaxis (given to prevent initial infection after exposure to active TB)