Which term refers to the collective metabolic processes required to maintain vital body functions while at rest?
Anabolism
Basal metabolism
Energy balance
Catabolism
The Correct Answer is B
A. Anabolism is the metabolic process of building larger molecules from smaller ones, such as synthesizing proteins from amino acids. While it is essential for growth and repair, it does not specifically refer to the total energy required to maintain vital functions at rest.
B. Basal metabolism refers to the minimum amount of energy expended by the body at rest to sustain essential physiological functions, including breathing, circulation, body temperature regulation, and cellular processes. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is typically measured under strict conditions: the individual is at rest, in a post-absorptive state (not actively digesting food), and in a thermoneutral environment. BMR accounts for the largest portion of daily energy expenditure in most adults.
C. Energy balance refers to the relationship between calories consumed and calories expended. While energy balance influences body weight, it is a broader concept and not limited to the metabolic processes at rest.
D. Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones to release energy, such as breaking down glycogen into glucose. Although catabolic processes contribute to energy production, the term does not describe the overall metabolic requirement for maintaining vital functions at rest.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Whole grains do not directly prevent or reduce respiratory diseases. Respiratory health is more influenced by factors such as smoking, air quality, and infections rather than whole grain consumption.
B. Whole grains are high in dietary fiber, especially soluble fiber, which helps lower blood cholesterol levels by binding cholesterol in the digestive tract and facilitating its excretion. Consuming whole grains like oats, barley, brown rice, and whole wheat has been shown to reduce LDL cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol) and improve overall heart health, thereby lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease.
C. Whole grains are not a direct intervention for migraine headaches. While a balanced diet supports overall health, there is no strong evidence linking whole grains to migraine prevention.
D. Whole grains do not directly reduce arthritis symptoms. Anti-inflammatory diets can help joint health, but whole grains alone are not considered a treatment or preventive measure for arthritis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the respiratory lining, such as asthma or chronic bronchitis, is not the same as anaphylaxis. These conditions involve long-term inflammation but are not acute, systemic allergic reactions.
B. A mild, localized allergic response, such as hives or itching (pruritus), involves limited areas of the body and does not threaten life. Anaphylaxis, in contrast, is systemic and life-threatening.
C. Anaphylaxis is a severe, systemic allergic reaction that can rapidly affect multiple organ systems. It often includes symptoms such as airway swelling, bronchoconstriction, hypotension, rapid pulse, dizziness, and even cardiovascular shock. Without prompt treatment, typically with intramuscular epinephrine, anaphylaxis can be fatal. The reaction is usually triggered by allergens such as foods, insect stings, medications, or latex.
D. Non-allergic food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance, can cause gastrointestinal discomfort like bloating, cramping, or diarrhea, but they do not involve systemic immune activation, airway obstruction, or cardiovascular collapse.
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