Which term refers to the collective metabolic processes required to maintain vital body functions while at rest?
Anabolism
Basal metabolism
Energy balance
Catabolism
The Correct Answer is B
A. Anabolism is the metabolic process of building larger molecules from smaller ones, such as synthesizing proteins from amino acids. While it is essential for growth and repair, it does not specifically refer to the total energy required to maintain vital functions at rest.
B. Basal metabolism refers to the minimum amount of energy expended by the body at rest to sustain essential physiological functions, including breathing, circulation, body temperature regulation, and cellular processes. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is typically measured under strict conditions: the individual is at rest, in a post-absorptive state (not actively digesting food), and in a thermoneutral environment. BMR accounts for the largest portion of daily energy expenditure in most adults.
C. Energy balance refers to the relationship between calories consumed and calories expended. While energy balance influences body weight, it is a broader concept and not limited to the metabolic processes at rest.
D. Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones to release energy, such as breaking down glycogen into glucose. Although catabolic processes contribute to energy production, the term does not describe the overall metabolic requirement for maintaining vital functions at rest.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 100,000 calories is much larger than a kilocalorie and does not correspond to the standard energy conversion used in nutrition.
B. 100 calories is equivalent to 0.1 kilocalorie, so this is too small to define a kilocalorie.
C. 10,000 calories is also much greater than the actual equivalent of one kilocalorie.
D. One kilocalorie (kcal) is equal to 1,000 calories (cal). In nutrition, the term “calorie” commonly refers to a kilocalorie, which is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C. Food labels use kilocalories to quantify the energy content of foods, which helps guide dietary intake and energy balance.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Swiss cheese is very high in calcium and supports bone health, but it is an animal-derived product. Vegans avoid all dairy products, so Swiss cheese would not be appropriate for a vegan client. Regular consumption could also increase saturated fat intake, which is another consideration for overall health.
B. Yogurt is a good source of calcium, protein, and probiotics, but it is also a dairy product and therefore excluded from a vegan diet. Non-dairy fortified alternatives like soy, almond, or oat yogurt could be considered, but plain dairy yogurt itself is not vegan-friendly.
C. Collard greens are a plant-based food rich in calcium, making them an excellent choice for vegans. One cup of cooked collard greens provides roughly 266 mg of calcium, along with vitamins A, C, K, and dietary fiber. Other calcium-rich plant sources include kale, bok choy, turnip greens, fortified plant milks, tofu set with calcium salts, almonds, and sesame seeds. While plant-based calcium may be slightly less bioavailable than dairy calcium, a varied diet with multiple sources can meet daily requirements. Incorporating these foods supports bone density, nerve function, and overall metabolic health in vegan clients.
D. Sardines are rich in calcium, especially because of their edible bones, and also provide vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids. However, they are an animal product and therefore not suitable for a vegan diet.
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