Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin production?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Gestational diabetes mellitus.
Prediabetes.
The Correct Answer is A
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune process in which the body's immune system destroys the pancreatic beta cells responsible for producing insulin. This results in an absolute deficiency of insulin, requiring exogenous insulin administration for glycemic control.
Incorrect choices:
b. This choice is incorrect. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, rather than autoimmune destruction of beta cells.
c. This choice is incorrect. Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs during pregnancy and is not characterized by autoimmune destruction of beta cells.
d. This choice is incorrect. Prediabetes is a precursor to type 2 diabetes and involves impaired glucose tolerance, but it does not result from autoimmune destruction of beta cells.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Diabetic cataracts result from the accumulation of glucose within the lens of the eye, leading to changes in vision and the development of cataracts. This can cause blurred vision and visual disturbances.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication that affects the blood vessels of the retina and can lead to vision loss.
b. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic neuropathy refers to nerve damage due to diabetes and can cause symptoms such as tingling, pain, and loss of sensation in the extremities.
c. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication characterized by high blood glucose levels, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The OGTT measures the body's ability to clear glucose from the blood by drinking a glucose solution and measuring blood glucose levels at specific intervals. It is commonly used to diagnose diabetes mellitus.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. The fasting blood glucose test measures blood glucose levels after an overnight fast and is not specifically used to assess glucose clearance.
b. This choice is incorrect. The HbA1c test measures average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months and is not specifically used to assess glucose clearance.
c. This choice is incorrect. The C-peptide test assesses insulin production by the pancreas and is not specifically used to assess glucose clearance.
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