Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin production?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus.

Prediabetes.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune process in which the body's immune system destroys the pancreatic beta cells responsible for producing insulin. This results in an absolute deficiency of insulin, requiring exogenous insulin administration for glycemic control.

Incorrect choices:

b. This choice is incorrect. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, rather than autoimmune destruction of beta cells.

c. This choice is incorrect. Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs during pregnancy and is not characterized by autoimmune destruction of beta cells.

d. This choice is incorrect. Prediabetes is a precursor to type 2 diabetes and involves impaired glucose tolerance, but it does not result from autoimmune destruction of beta cells.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute insulin deficiency. It is not primarily characterized by insulin resistance (choice a) and is not typically diagnosed in adulthood (choice b). Oral hypoglycemic agents (choice d) are not the mainstay of treatment for type 1 diabetes.

A. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. B. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. C. Impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections. D. Blurred vision and vision loss.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, can lead to blurred or distorted vision due to damage to the blood vessels in the retina.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia are the "three P's" associated with hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.

b. This choice is incorrect. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are not typically associated with blurred or distorted vision.

c. This choice is incorrect. Impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections are related to the effects of hyperglycemia on blood flow and immune function, rather than visual disturbances.

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Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin production?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following best describes type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus is characterized by blurred or distorted vision?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which statement accurately describes gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?

Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus results from chronic hyperglycemia damaging small blood vessels and nerves?

Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by kidney damage due to prolonged high blood glucose levels, leading to impaired kidney function and potential kidney failure?

Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus is related to long-standing hyperglycemia and may result in slow wound healing and frequent infections?

Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells and promoting its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles?

Which of the following is a long-term complication associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

Which treatment modality involves monitoring blood glucose levels and adjusting insulin doses based on carbohydrate intake, activity level, and current blood glucose levels to achieve tight glycemic control?

Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin production?