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Which type of immunity is acquired through vaccination or exposure to a specific pathogen?

A.

Passive immunity

B.

Innate immunity

C.

Active immunity

D.

Acquired immunity

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Explanation: Active immunity. Active immunity is acquired when the immune system is exposed to a pathogen, either through natural infection or vaccination. It results in the production of memory cells that provide long-term protection against future exposures to the same pathogen.
Incorrect choices:

a. Passive immunity is acquired when preformed antibodies are transferred from one individual to another. It provides immediate but temporary protection and does not involve the production of memory cells.

b. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against infections and provides immediate, non-specific protection, but it does not involve the production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen.

d. Acquired immunity is a general term that includes both active and passive immunity, but it does not specifically describe the type of immunity acquired through vaccination or exposure to a specific pathogen.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Explanation: The secondary immune response provides long-lasting immunity because of the presence of memory B cells and memory T cells. These memory cells "remember" the specific antigen and can quickly mount a strong and effective immune response upon re-exposure to the same antigen, providing long-term protection.

Incorrect choices:

a. The primary immune response is primarily mediated by IgM antibodies, while the secondary immune response involves the predominance of IgG antibodies, which are more effective and provide long-lasting immunity.

b. The secondary immune response occurs after the primary immune response and is faster, not slower, due to the presence of memory cells.

c. Memory cells are a key component of the secondary immune response, playing a central role in providing rapid and robust immunity.

VI. Immune Disorders and Clinical Considerations:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Explanation:Innate immunity. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense and provides immediate protection against infections without prior exposure to the pathogen. It includes physical barriers, such as the skin, and various cellular and chemical components.

Incorrect choices:

a. Adaptive immunity is the acquired immunity that develops after exposure to a specific pathogen or vaccination. It takes some time to mount a response and produce antibodies or memory cells.

b. Humoral immunity is a component of adaptive immunity that involves the production of antibodies by B cells to neutralize pathogens.

d. Cell-mediated immunity is another component of adaptive immunity, where T cells directly attack infected or abnormal cells.

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