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Which type of immunity is acquired through vaccination or exposure to a specific pathogen?

A.

Passive immunity

B.

Innate immunity

C.

Active immunity

D.

Acquired immunity

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Explanation: Active immunity. Active immunity is acquired when the immune system is exposed to a pathogen, either through natural infection or vaccination. It results in the production of memory cells that provide long-term protection against future exposures to the same pathogen.
Incorrect choices:

a. Passive immunity is acquired when preformed antibodies are transferred from one individual to another. It provides immediate but temporary protection and does not involve the production of memory cells.

b. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against infections and provides immediate, non-specific protection, but it does not involve the production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen.

d. Acquired immunity is a general term that includes both active and passive immunity, but it does not specifically describe the type of immunity acquired through vaccination or exposure to a specific pathogen.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Explanation: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that can affect multiple organs and systems, including the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. The presence of a "butterfly rash" on the face, joint pain, and skin lesions are common manifestations of SLE.

Incorrect choices:

b. Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, and tender points in specific areas of the body, but it does not typically present with a "butterfly rash" or skin lesions.

c. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, causing symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, and coordination problems, but it does not typically present with a "butterfly rash" or joint pain.

d. Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to dry eyes and dry mouth, but it does not typically present with a "butterfly rash" or skin lesions.

VII. Vaccination and Immunization:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Explanation: Recognizing and responding to specific antigens. T cells are a type of lymphocyte that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They recognize and respond to specific antigens presented by infected or abnormal cells, leading to their destruction.

Incorrect choices:

a. T cells are not responsible for the production of antibodies, but that is the role of B cells in the humoral immune response.

b. While T cells are involved in directly attacking and destroying infected cells, their main function is to recognize specific antigens rather than directly attacking pathogens.

c. Marking pathogens for destruction by phagocytes is primarily a function of antibodies and complement proteins, not T cells.

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