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Which type of immunity is acquired when an individual receives preformed antibodies against a specific pathogen?

A.

Active immunity

B.

Passive immunity

C.

Natural immunity

D.

Herd immunity

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Explanation: Passive immunity is acquired when preformed antibodies are transferred to an individual, providing immediate but temporary protection against a specific pathogen. This can occur naturally from a mother to her newborn or artificially through administration of specific antibodies.

Incorrect choices:

a. Active immunity is acquired when the body's immune system is exposed to a pathogen and produces an immune response to provide protection against future infections.

c. Natural immunity refers to immunity that is acquired through natural exposure to a pathogen, either through infection or vaccination.

d. Herd immunity is the indirect protection that occurs when a large percentage of a population becomes immune to a disease, either through vaccination or previous infection, reducing the likelihood of transmission to susceptible individuals.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Explanation: The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for older adults to protect against pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. The influenza vaccine is recommended annually for people of all ages to prevent the flu.

Incorrect choices:

a. The hepatitis B vaccine is not specifically recommended for older adults to prevent pneumonia.

b. The influenza vaccine protects against the flu, not pneumonia.

d. The HPV vaccine is recommended for adolescents and young adults, not older adults, and does not protect against pneumonia.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Explanation: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering of nerve fibers in the central nervous system, leading to communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body.

Incorrect choices:

a. Rheumatoid arthritis primarily affects the joints, not the central nervous system.

b. Sjögren's syndrome primarily affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, not the central nervous system.

d. Crohn's disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract, not the central nervous system.

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