Which type of pulmonary disease requires more force to expire a volume of air?
Obstructive
Communicable
Acute
Restrictive
The Correct Answer is A
A. Obstructive: Obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by increased resistance in the airways, making it more difficult to expire air. Conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lead to airflow limitation, requiring greater force to expel air from the lungs.
B. Communicable: Communicable pulmonary diseases refer to infections that can be transmitted from person to person, such as tuberculosis or influenza. This classification does not directly relate to the mechanics of airflow and does not specifically require more force to expire air.
C. Acute: Acute pulmonary disease describes a sudden onset of symptoms, which can be caused by various conditions (e.g., pneumonia or pulmonary embolism). The term "acute" does not inherently indicate a need for increased expiratory force and can encompass both obstructive and restrictive patterns.
D. Restrictive: Restrictive pulmonary disease involves reduced lung volume and compliance, making it difficult to expand the lungs fully during inspiration. While patients may struggle to inhale adequately, they typically do not require increased force to expire air, as expiratory airflow is usually not obstructed in the same manner as in obstructive diseases.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Percutaneous coronary intervention: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a treatment used to open blocked coronary arteries during a myocardial infarction but is not a complication of the event itself. It is a therapeutic procedure aimed at restoring blood flow and is not a direct consequence of myocardial infarction.
B. Sudden death: Sudden death can occur as a complication of myocardial infarction due to severe dysrhythmias or cardiac arrest resulting from electrical instability in the heart. This complication is critical and can occur shortly after the onset of an MI or during recovery.
C. Dysrhythmias: Dysrhythmias are common complications following myocardial infarction, often arising from ischemic damage to the heart muscle, which disrupts the normal electrical conduction pathways. These irregular heartbeats can range from benign to life-threatening.
D. Congestive heart failure: Congestive heart failure can develop as a complication of myocardial infarction due to the loss of functional cardiac muscle, resulting in decreased cardiac output and the heart's inability to pump effectively. This complication can develop acutely or progressively over time following an MI.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Assist with a chest tube insertion: A gunshot wound to the chest with a one-way valve pleural rupture indicates a tension pneumothorax, a life-threatening condition. Air enters the pleural space with each breath but cannot escape, leading to increased intrathoracic pressure, lung collapse, and mediastinal shift, which can compromise venous return and cardiac output. Immediate chest tube insertion or needle decompression is necessary to relieve pressure and restore normal lung function.
B. Give the patient low-flow oxygen: Oxygen therapy may help improve oxygenation, but it does not address the underlying issue of trapped air causing intrathoracic pressure buildup. Without intervention to release the trapped air, respiratory distress and cardiovascular collapse can occur.
C. Assess for clubbing of fingernails: Clubbing is a sign of chronic hypoxia seen in long-term respiratory diseases but is not relevant in the acute management of a tension pneumothorax. The priority is to relieve the trapped air and restore normal lung expansion.
D. Draw arterial gases: While arterial blood gases can help assess oxygenation and ventilation status, they do not treat the underlying tension pneumothorax. Immediate decompression is required before diagnostic tests to prevent rapid deterioration and potential cardiac arrest.
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