While admitting a patient with pericarditis, what manifestations of this disorder should the nurse assess for?

Prolonged PR intervals.

Clubbing of the fingers.

Widened pulse pressure.

Pulsus paradoxus.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale
Prolonged PR intervals occur with first-degree AV block, not typically with pericarditis.
Choice B rationale
Clubbing of the fingers is a loss of the normal angle between the base of the nail and the skin. This finding can be found in endocarditis, congenital defects, and/or prolonged oxygen deficiency. It is not a typical manifestation of pericarditis.
Choice C rationale
Widened pulse pressure occurs with valvular heart disease, not typically with pericarditis.
Choice D rationale
Pulsus paradoxus is a sign of cardiac tamponade, a serious complication of pericarditis. As the compression of the heart increases, decreased left atrial filling decreases cardiac output.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Encouraging exercise to increase heart rate in a patient with myocardial ischemia could potentially worsen the condition. Exercise increases the demand for oxygen in the heart, which may not be met due to the reduced blood flow in ischemia, potentially leading to further damage.
Choice B rationale
Administering a diuretic to decrease volume is not the most beneficial intervention for a patient with myocardial ischemia. While diuretics can reduce the workload of the heart by decreasing blood volume, they do not directly address the issue of reduced blood flow to the heart muscle that characterizes ischemia.
Choice C rationale
Giving an antibiotic to decrease infection is not relevant in this context. Myocardial ischemia is not caused by an infection, but by a reduction in blood flow to the heart muscle, often due to a blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries.
Choice D rationale
Applying oxygen to increase myocardial oxygen supply is the most beneficial intervention for a patient with myocardial ischemia. Oxygen therapy can help to meet the oxygen demand of the heart muscle when blood flow is reduced, alleviating symptoms and preventing further damage.

A. Adenosine (Adenocard). B. Emergency cardioversion. C. Anticoagulant therapy. D. Permanent pacemakers.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Adenosine (Adenocard) is a medication that can be used to treat supraventricular tachycardia, a type of abnormal heart rhythm. However, it is not typically used for atrial fibrillation.
Choice B rationale
Emergency cardioversion, where an electric shock is used to restore the heart’s normal rhythm, can be used in some cases of atrial fibrillation. However, if the atrial fibrillation has been present for more than 48 hours, there is a risk of blood clots, and anticoagulation for several weeks before the procedure may be needed.
Choice C rationale
Anticoagulant therapy is often used in patients with atrial fibrillation to reduce the risk of stroke. Atrial fibrillation can lead to blood pooling in the atria, increasing the risk of clot formation. These clots can then travel to the brain, causing a stroke.
Choice D rationale
Permanent pacemakers are sometimes used in atrial fibrillation to help regulate the heart’s rhythm. However, they are typically used when other treatments have failed or are contraindicated.

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While admitting a patient with pericarditis, what manifestations of this disorder should the nurse assess for?

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