While assessing a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), the nurse observes an absence of hair growth on the client's lower legs. Which assessment provides further data to support this finding?
Appearance of the skin on the client's legs.
Altered posture and balance during ambulation.
Presence of bilateral femoral pulses.
Signs of old and new ecchymosis.
The Correct Answer is A
A. The absence of hair growth on the lower legs is a potential sign of peripheral neuropathy, a common complication of diabetes. Assessing the skin for other signs of neuropathy, such as dryness, cracking, or calluses, would provide further evidence to support this diagnosis.
B. While this might indicate neuropathy, it's not as direct a correlation as the skin appearance.
C. Assessing pulses helps to evaluate peripheral circulation, but it doesn't directly address the issue of hair loss, which is more related to nerve damage.
D. Ecchymosis can indicate a bleeding disorder or trauma, not necessarily neuropathy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. This is the safest and most accurate option. Insulin dosing is critical, and an overdose can lead to hypoglycemia, a serious condition. By discarding the incorrect dose and starting anew, the nurse ensures the client receives the precise amount of insulin prescribed.
B. This option is inefficient and increases the risk of error. It involves using two different methods for insulin administration, which can lead to confusion and potential mistakes. Additionally, it doesn't address the initial error of dialing the incorrect dose.
C. This option is extremely dangerous. Administering more insulin than prescribed can lead to severe hypoglycemia. Wasting the remaining four units does not rectify the primary issue of the overdose.
D. Insulin pens are designed for precision. Altering the dialed dose after an error can compromise the accuracy of the insulin delivery system. This method is not reliable and can lead to inaccurate dosing.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While excessive consumption of certain beverages can potentially affect urinary health, diet drinks are generally not a primary risk factor for UTIs. The key risk factors for UTIs typically involve issues related to urinary retention, hygiene, and anatomical predispositions rather than beverage consumption alone.
B. Not voiding when the urge occurs, also known as urinary retention, can increase the risk of UTIs. When urine is retained in the bladder for extended periods, it can provide an environment where bacteria can proliferate, leading to infections. This behavior is a significant risk factor for developing UTIs, as it contributes to urinary stasis.
C. A multipara with a history of pyelonephritis is at increased risk for future UTIs. A history of pyelonephritis indicates that the client has experienced a serious urinary infection in the past, which could make her more susceptible to recurrent infections. This is a significant risk factor for developing UTIs again.
D. Urinary incontinence, especially in older adults, can be associated with increased risk for UTIs due to factors like poor hygiene, the presence of residual urine, and possible skin breakdown. While incontinence is a risk factor, it is often considered less directly related to recurrent UTIs compared to issues like urinary retention or a history of severe infections.
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