A patient is admitted to the hospital for heart surgery to have a Tetralogy of Fallot repair. The parents are asking the nurse to explain one of the underlying causes of their child's cyanosis. Nurse Lisa is correct in her explanation when she says:
The underlying cause of cyanosis in Tetralogy of Fallot is aortic stenosis.
The underlying cause of cyanosis in Tetralogy of Fallot is a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
The underlying cause of cyanosis in Tetralogy of Fallot is mitral valve regurgitation.
The underlying cause of cyanosis in Tetralogy of Fallot is a ventricular septal defect (VSD).
The Correct Answer is D
A. Aortic stenosis affects blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, but it is not a component of Tetralogy of Fallot.
B. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a separate congenital defect and not part of Tetralogy of Fallot.
C. Mitral valve regurgitation is related to left-sided heart valve dysfunction and is not a feature of this condition.
D. One of the four components of Tetralogy of Fallot is a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The VSD, along with pulmonary stenosis, leads to right-to-left shunting of deoxygenated blood, which bypasses the lungs and enters systemic circulation, causing cyanosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While hydration is important in respiratory illnesses, improved hydration is not the primary goal of using a cool mist tent.
B. A barking cough is a characteristic symptom of laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) and indicates ongoing airway irritation, not improvement.
C.. Stridor is a high-pitched, harsh sound caused by airway narrowing. A decrease in stridor indicates reduced inflammation and improved airway patency, which is the intended effect of the cool mist therapy.
D. A decreased temperature may occur with other supportive care or antipyretics, but it is not a direct indicator of improved airway function from mist therapy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Cochlear implants are used to treat sensorineural hearing loss, which involves damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve. Conductive hearing loss is usually treated with medical or surgical intervention, such as tubes or hearing aids.
B. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound waves cannot effectively reach the inner ear, often due to fluid, wax, or structural issues. Otitis media with effusion (fluid in the middle ear without infection) is a common cause of temporary conductive hearing loss in children.
C. Auditory nerve damage causes sensorineural hearing loss, not conductive.
D. While some hearing losses are inherited, conductive hearing loss is typically caused by external or middle ear problems, not genetic factors.
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