Your patient drunk 150 mL of Ice Tea. How many ounces is this?

A. "Your disease often makes patients lose mental status." While severe hypoxia can cause confusion, this response does not address the reason for clubbing and lacks therapeutic communication.

B. "Your disease will be helped if you pursed-lip breathe." Pursed-lip breathing helps with air trapping and exhalation in COPD, but it does not explain clubbing of the fingers.

C. "Your disease affects both your lungs and your heart, and not enough blood is being pumped." COPD primarily affects oxygen exchange in the lungs, not necessarily blood pumping from the heart. Clubbing is due to chronic hypoxia, not poor cardiac output.

D. "Your disease doesn't send enough oxygen to your fingertips." Chronic hypoxia in COPD leads to increased capillary growth and tissue changes, resulting in clubbing of the fingers. This response is accurate and appropriately explains the cause.

A. Rectal: The rectal route provides a reliable measure of core body temperature because of its proximity to major blood vessels.

B. Urinary Bladder: A temperature-sensing urinary catheter can provide continuous monitoring of core temperature, especially in critical care settings.

C. Temporal Artery: While temporal artery thermometers are non-invasive and commonly used, they measure skin temperature, which is not a true core temperature.

D. Esophagus: Esophageal temperature monitoring is used in intubated patients and cardiac surgery patients to measure core temperature accurately.

E. Pulmonary Artery: A pulmonary artery catheter (Swan-Ganz catheter) directly measures blood temperature from the heart, making it the most accurate core temperature measurement.