Your patient received an epidural approximately 30 minutes ago. You notice late decelerations while evaluating the FHR tracing, Which of the following might be reasons that late decelerations occurring? (Select all that apply).

Maternal hypotension

Maternal tachycardia

The patient did not get an IV bolus prior to the epidural.

Placenta previa

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C

A. Maternal hypotension is a common side effect of epidural anesthesia, which can reduce uteroplacental blood flow and lead to late decelerations in the fetal heart rate.

B. Maternal tachycardia is not typically associated with late decelerations; it is more often seen with early decelerations or fetal distress.

C. An IV bolus prior to the epidural helps maintain blood volume and prevent hypotension. Without it, the risk of hypotension and subsequent late decelerations increases.

D. Placenta previa typically causes painless vaginal bleeding and may lead to abnormal FHR patterns, but it is not a direct cause of late decelerations post-epidural.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Tubal damage from hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia, often seen in diabetes, can affect reproductive health but is more commonly associated with issues like poor implantation or uterine environment rather than direct tubal damage.

B. Tubal damage from migraine headaches: Migraine headaches do not cause direct tubal damage or infertility. They may impact overall health and stress levels but are not linked to structural damage in the reproductive tract.

C. Tubal damage from fibromyalgia: Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition causing widespread pain and fatigue but does not directly cause tubal damage.

D. Tubal damage from PID: Pelvic inflammatory disease is a leading cause of infertility due to the inflammation and scarring it can cause in the fallopian tubes, which can block or damage them, preventing fertilization.

A. 2300 B. 2500 C. 2750 D. 3000

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. 2300 calories is insufficient for breastfeeding. An additional 500 calories is needed for milk production.

B. The recommended caloric intake for breastfeeding women is typically an additional 500 calories per day above their pre-pregnancy caloric intake. So, for this woman, it would be 2500 calories (2000 + 500).

C. 2750 calories is more than the typical recommendation.

D. 3000 calories is higher than the typical recommendation for most breastfeeding women.

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Your patient received an epidural approximately 30 minutes ago. You notice late decelerations while evaluating the FHR tracing, Which of the following might be reasons that late decelerations occurring? (Select all that apply).

Nursing Test Bank

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