Introduction

Contraception refers to the methods used to prevent pregnancy by blocking the fertilization of a female egg by male sperm.

The use of contraception is crucial in family planning, as it allows individuals to control their reproductive choices and avoid unintended pregnancies.

Timing is critical when it comes to contraception.

The human ovum can be fertilized within 24 hours after ovulation, while motile sperm can survive in the female reproductive system for an average of 48-72 hours.

Therefore, the use of contraception can be an effective way to prevent pregnancy.

Methods of Contraception

There are various methods of contraception, which can be broadly categorized into natural family planning, barrier, hormonal, intrauterine, and surgical methods.

1. Natural Family Planning: This method involves monitoring a woman's menstrual cycle and avoiding intercourse during her fertile window, which is the period when she is most likely to get pregnant.
2. Barrier Methods: These methods prevent the sperm from reaching the egg by creating a physical barrier.                              Examples include condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps.
3. Hormonal Methods: These methods use hormones to prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation or thickening the cervical mucus to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.                                                                                                                Examples include birth control pills, patches, and injections.
4. Intrauterine Methods: These methods involve placing a device inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy.                                  Examples include intrauterine devices (IUDs) and hormonal implants.
5. Surgical Methods: These methods involve permanent sterilization to prevent pregnancy.                                                                                                           Examples include tubal ligation (for females) and vasectomy (for males).