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Risk Factors and Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect

  • Child abuse and neglect can occur in any family, regardless of socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, religion, or culture
  • However, some factors may increase the likelihood or severity of maltreatment, such as:
    • Child factors: age, gender, disability, temperament, behavior, or special needs
    • Parent or caregiver factors: history of abuse or neglect, mental illness, substance abuse, domestic violence, stress, poor parenting skills, unrealistic expectations, or social isolation
    • Family factors: marital conflict, divorce, separation, death, poverty, unemployment, homelessness, or lack of social support
    • Community factors: neighborhood violence, crime, discrimination, lack of resources, or cultural norms that condone violence or neglect
  • The consequences of child abuse and neglect can vary depending on the type, frequency, duration, and severity of maltreatment, as well as the child’s age, developmental stage, resilience, and coping skills3
  • Some of the possible short-term and long-term consequences include39:
    • Physical consequences: injuries, bruises, burns, fractures, head trauma, organ damage, impaired growth and development, chronic pain, disability, or death
    • Psychological consequences: emotional distress, fear, anger, guilt, shame, sadness, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociation, low self-esteem, poor self-image, attachment problems, trust issues, or suicidal thoughts or behaviors
    • Behavioral consequences: aggression, violence, delinquency, criminality, substance abuse, self-harm, eating disorders, sexual problems, risky sexual behaviors, teen pregnancy, or prostitution
    • Social consequences: impaired social skills, poor peer relationships, isolation, withdrawal, difficulty in school or work, homelessness, or intergenerational transmission of abuse or neglect
  • Child abuse and neglect can also have significant economic costs for society due to the increased need for health care, social services, education, criminal justice system involvement, and productivity losses

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Questions on Risk Factors and Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>Reason: The nurse should not say something that threatens or intimidates the parents for neglecting their children. This may make the parents feel fearful, hostile, or distrustful and hinder the cooperation or collaboration with the nurse.</p>

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

<p>Reason: The nurse should not state that children who are abused or neglected may have normal academic performance and cognitive abilities. This is incorrect because children who are abused or neglected may have poor academic performance and cognitive abilities. For example, a child who has difficulty concentrating, remembering, or solving problems may be a victim of sexual abuse or neglect.</p>

<p>Reason: Neglect is the failure to provide for a child&#39;s basic physical, emotional, educational, or medical needs. Neglect may cause poor hygiene, malnutrition, failure to thrive, or developmental delays.</p>

<p>Reason: The nurse should not pressure the client to disclose the details of the abuse or make her feel that she has to tell everything to get help. This may make the client feel violated or overwhelmed and retraumatize her.</p>
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