(1 point). Listen.
Which patient should be monitored most closely by the nurse for complications?

Choice A rationale:

Unstable plaque in the coronary arteries is a major risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack. When the plaque ruptures or becomes unstable, it can lead to the formation of a blood clot, which can obstruct the blood flow to the heart muscle, causing myocardial infarction. The nurse should monitor for signs and symptoms of MI in this patient, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and ECG changes, to provide prompt intervention and prevent further cardiac damage.

Choice B rationale:

Stable angina is not the most immediate complication associated with unstable plaque in the coronary arteries. While stable angina is related to reduced blood flow to the heart, it is typically triggered by exertion or stress and relieved with rest or medication. Unstable plaque is more likely to lead to myocardial infarction, which is a more critical condition.

Choice C rationale:

Eupnea refers to normal, unlabored breathing and is not a complication associated with unstable plaque in the coronary arteries. It is essential to monitor the patient for cardiac-related complications, such as myocardial infarction, which can be life-threatening.

Choice D rationale:

Orthostatic hypotension, a drop in blood pressure upon standing, is not a typical complication of unstable plaque in the coronary arteries. The primary concern with unstable plaque is the risk of myocardial infarction, as it can lead to acute and severe cardiac damage.

Choice A rationale:

A high-sodium diet is a risk factor for hypertension but is not directly associated with atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis primarily involves the buildup of plaque within the arteries, which can lead to the narrowing and hardening of these blood vessels. While hypertension is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, the choice does not correctly address the question, as it asks for risk factors associated with atherosclerosis specifically.

Choice B rationale:

Advanced age is indeed a risk factor for atherosclerosis. As individuals age, the risk of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases increases. Atherosclerosis is a progressive condition that develops over time, and older individuals are more likely to have accumulated risk factors contributing to its development. Therefore, this choice is correct in identifying an associated risk factor for atherosclerosis.

Choice C rationale:

The correct answer is choice C because hyperhomocysteinemia is a known risk factor for atherosclerosis. Elevated levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, have been linked to an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. This choice is accurate in identifying a specific risk factor for atherosclerosis and aligns with current medical knowledge.

Choice D rationale:

A low-potassium diet is not a direct risk factor for atherosclerosis. While potassium intake can affect blood pressure regulation, it is not one of the primary risk factors for atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is primarily related to factors like high cholesterol levels, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. Therefore, this choice is not correct in the context of risk factors for atherosclerosis.