(1 point). Listen.
Which statement indicates that the nurse needs more teaching about complications of sustained hypertension?

Choice A rationale:

Remodeling of arterial luminal walls is not a direct consequence of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance primarily affects glucose metabolism and can lead to hypertension through the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Choice B rationale:

Amino acid homocysteine is associated with cardiovascular disease, but it is not the primary mediator of insulin resistance or hypertension.

Choice C rationale:

Insulin resistance is associated with overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a significant role in regulating blood pressure, and its overactivity can contribute to hypertension.

Choice D rationale:

Increased afterload effect is a consequence of hypertension rather than a direct association with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance can lead to hypertension through various mechanisms, including sympathetic nervous system activation and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation.

Choice A rationale:
Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity does not cause a decreased heart rate. In fact, increased SNS activity often leads to an increased heart rate as part of the "fight or flight" response, which is characterized by increased sympathetic activity.
Choice B rationale:
Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity does not result in increased renal excretion of sodium. Instead, it can lead to increased sodium reabsorption by the kidneys as part of the body's response to stress.
Choice D rationale:
Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity does not cause decreased insulin resistance. In fact, it can contribute to insulin resistance, as chronic stress and high levels of stress hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine can lead to impaired insulin sensitivity.