22. A nurse is conducting a primary survey of a client who has sustained life-threatening injuries due to a motor-vehicle crash. Identify the sequence of actions the nurse should take. (Move the actions into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order of performance. Use all the steps.)

Establish IV access.

Open the airway using a jaw-thrust maneuver.

Remove clothing for a thorough assessment.

Perform a Glasgow Coma Scale assessment..

Determine effectiveness of ventilator efforts.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B, E, A, D, C

B. The first priority in a primary survey is to open and maintain the airway; in a trauma client, this is done with a jaw-thrust maneuver to protect the cervical spine. E. After the airway is established, the nurse should assess breathing and determine the effectiveness of ventilatory efforts. A. Once airway and breathing are stabilized, circulation is addressed by establishing IV access for fluid or blood administration. D. Disability is assessed next using tools such as the Glasgow Coma Scale to evaluate neurologic status. C. Exposure is the final step; the nurse removes clothing to perform a thorough assessment while preventing hypothermia.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Turn the client's head to the side: This action helps prevent aspiration by allowing any oral secretions or vomitus to drain out of the mouth, reducing the risk of airway obstruction and aspiration pneumonia.

B. Loosen the clothing around the client's waist: While it's important to ensure the client's safety during a seizure, addressing airway protection takes precedence over loosening clothing. Loosening clothing can be done after ensuring airway patency.

C. Document the time the seizure began: Documenting the time of onset is important for accurately assessing the duration of the seizure, but it is not the first action to take during an active seizure.

D. Check the client's motor strength: Assessing motor strength is important for evaluating the
client's condition after the seizure has ended, but it is not the first action to take during an active seizure. Ensuring airway protection and preventing injury are the priorities during the seizure.

A. BP 190/84, HR 50, and an irregular respiratory pattern B. BP 190/84, HR 150, and an irregular respiratory pattern C. BP 80/50, HR 50, and Kussmaul respirations D. BP 80/50, HR 150, and Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. BP 190/84, HR 50, and an irregular respiratory pattern is characteristic of Cushing's triad, a classic sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Cushing's triad includes hypertension with a widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and irregular or abnormal respirations. The elevated blood pressure occurs as a compensatory mechanism to maintain cerebral perfusion, while bradycardia and irregular respirations result from brainstem compression.

B. BP 190/84, HR 150, and an irregular respiratory pattern is incorrect because tachycardia (HR 150) is not part of Cushing's triad. Increased ICP typically causes bradycardia due to brainstem involvement.

C. BP 80/50, HR 50, and Kussmaul respirations: Kussmaul respirations are deep, rapid respirations commonly seen in metabolic acidosis, not typically associated with increased intracranial pressure.
D. BP 80/50, HR 150, and Cheyne-Stokes respirations: Cheyne-Stokes respirations are characterized by alternating periods of deep breathing followed by apnea and are often seen in conditions affecting the brainstem, but they are not specific to increased intracranial pressure.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is in a client's room when the client begins having a tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse anticipates that the client presenting with increased intracranial pressure would most likely exhibit which set of vital signs?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has had a spinal cord injury at the level of the T2-T3 vertebrae. When planning care, the nurse should anticipate which of the following types of disability?

A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled to have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The client asks the nurse what to expect during the procedure. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Which problem should the nurse expect for a patient who has a positive Romberg test result?

A nurse suspects that a client admitted for treatment of bacterial meningitis is experiencing increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following assessment findings by the nurse supports this suspicion?

Which information about the patient who had a subarachnoid hemorrhage is most important to communicate to the health care provider?

A patient admitted with possible stroke has been aphasic for 3 hours and has a current blood pressure (BP) of 174/94 mm Hg. Which order by the health care provider should the nurse question?

A nurse is presenting discharge instructions to a client who has multiple sclerosis (MS). The client reports symptoms of diplopia, dysmetria, and sensory change. Which of the following nursing statements are appropriate?

The nurse identifies a patient with type 1 diabetes and a history of herpes simplex infection as being at risk for Bell's palsy. Which information should the nurse include in teaching the patient?