A 10-year-old child presents to the school nurse with complaints of an itchy rash on the right arm.
Based on these findings, identify the medical term of this rash, and what would be the common topical treatment drug class.

Choice A rationale

Using antibacterial soap for general handwashing is a good hygiene practice but does not directly prevent tick bites. Tick prevention focuses on avoiding tick-infested areas and creating a barrier against ticks.

Choice B rationale

Wearing long sleeves and pants outdoors, especially in wooded or grassy areas where ticks are commonly found, is a crucial measure for preventing tick bites. This creates a physical barrier that reduces the skin's exposure to ticks.

Choice C rationale

While avoiding wooded areas can reduce the risk of tick exposure, it may not always be practical or possible. Emphasizing protective clothing and other preventive measures allows children to engage in outdoor activities while minimizing risk.

Choice D rationale

Applying sunscreen protects against sunburn but does not prevent tick bites. While important for overall skin health, sunscreen does not deter or kill ticks. Insect repellents containing DEET or picaridin are effective against ticks. .

Choice A rationale

Urinary tract infections can cause bladder irritation and dysfunction, leading to symptoms such as frequency, urgency, and nocturia, which can manifest as enuresis, especially secondary enuresis (bedwetting that starts after a period of dryness). Therefore, assessing for a UTI is a crucial first step to rule out a treatable medical cause. Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.005 to 1.030, and a urinalysis can detect the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or nitrites indicative of infection.

Choice B rationale

Psychological stressors can contribute to enuresis, particularly secondary enuresis. Anxiety, family changes, or school-related stress can manifest physically. While important to explore, medical causes like UTIs should be ruled out first.

Choice C rationale

Sleep patterns are relevant in the context of enuresis, as bedwetting occurs during sleep. However, assessing for a medical cause like a UTI should precede a detailed evaluation of sleep habits.

Choice D rationale

A family history of enuresis can suggest a genetic predisposition. However, the immediate nursing priority is to assess for and rule out treatable underlying medical conditions, such as a urinary tract infection.