A 7-year-old child enjoys building models and participating in team sports.
What developmental stage is this consistent with?
Industry vs inferiority.
Initiative vs guilt.
Autonomy vs shame.
Identity vs role confusion.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
The industry vs inferiority stage, according to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, occurs during middle childhood (approximately 6 to 12 years). Children in this stage focus on mastering new skills and knowledge, developing a sense of competence and industry through activities like building models and participating in team sports. Success in these endeavors leads to a feeling of accomplishment, while failure can result in feelings of inferiority.
Choice B rationale
The initiative vs guilt stage occurs during the preschool years (approximately 3 to 5 years). Children in this stage are eager to take on new tasks and activities, developing a sense of initiative. However, if their efforts are met with criticism or failure, they may develop feelings of guilt.
Choice C rationale
The autonomy vs shame and doubt stage occurs during early childhood (approximately 18 months to 3 years). Children in this stage are focused on developing independence and self-control. Success in achieving autonomy leads to feelings of confidence, while failure can result in shame and doubt about their abilities.
Choice D rationale
The identity vs role confusion stage occurs during adolescence (approximately 12 to 18 years). During this stage, individuals are exploring their sense of self and trying to establish their identity in various aspects of life. Failure to establish a clear sense of identity can lead to role confusion.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Initiating feeding too soon after pyloromyotomy, a surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter, can lead to vomiting and aspiration in the immediate postoperative period. The gastrointestinal system needs time to recover from anesthesia and the surgical manipulation to the pylorus, which controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. Introducing fluids prematurely can overwhelm the healing surgical site.
Choice B rationale
Encouraging parental bonding and cuddling is crucial for the psychosocial well-being of the infant and parents. However, in the immediate postoperative phase, physiological stability takes precedence. While emotional support is important, addressing potential complications and assessing the infant's physical status are the priority actions.
Choice C rationale
Documenting the surgical site appearance is an important nursing responsibility to monitor for signs of infection, bleeding, or dehiscence. However, assessing the infant's immediate postoperative condition, particularly pain, which can indicate complications or discomfort, is a more immediate concern. Pain management directly impacts the infant's physiological stability.
Choice D rationale
Identifying signs of pain using an appropriate pain scale is the priority intervention in a post-operative infant. Pain can lead to physiological instability, such as increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory distress. Early identification and management of pain ensure the infant's comfort and facilitate recovery. Utilizing a validated pain scale for infants allows for objective assessment of pain levels and guides appropriate interventions.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Citrus foods are acidic and can irritate the esophagus, potentially worsening reflux symptoms in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Increasing citrus intake is generally not recommended.
Choice B rationale
Fatty foods tend to delay gastric emptying, which can increase the risk and duration of reflux episodes. Decreasing the intake of fatty foods can help reduce GERD symptoms by allowing the stomach to empty more quickly.
Choice C rationale
Spicy foods can irritate the lining of the esophagus and exacerbate reflux symptoms in individuals with GERD. Encouraging the consumption of spicy foods is generally contraindicated.
Choice D rationale
Fiber promotes healthy digestion and typically does not worsen GERD symptoms. In some cases, adequate fiber intake can even be beneficial. Limiting fiber intake is not a standard dietary recommendation for children with GERD.
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