A 7-year-old child enjoys building models and participating in team sports.
What developmental stage is this consistent with?
Industry vs inferiority.
Initiative vs guilt.
Autonomy vs shame.
Identity vs role confusion.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
The industry vs inferiority stage, according to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, occurs during middle childhood (approximately 6 to 12 years). Children in this stage focus on mastering new skills and knowledge, developing a sense of competence and industry through activities like building models and participating in team sports. Success in these endeavors leads to a feeling of accomplishment, while failure can result in feelings of inferiority.
Choice B rationale
The initiative vs guilt stage occurs during the preschool years (approximately 3 to 5 years). Children in this stage are eager to take on new tasks and activities, developing a sense of initiative. However, if their efforts are met with criticism or failure, they may develop feelings of guilt.
Choice C rationale
The autonomy vs shame and doubt stage occurs during early childhood (approximately 18 months to 3 years). Children in this stage are focused on developing independence and self-control. Success in achieving autonomy leads to feelings of confidence, while failure can result in shame and doubt about their abilities.
Choice D rationale
The identity vs role confusion stage occurs during adolescence (approximately 12 to 18 years). During this stage, individuals are exploring their sense of self and trying to establish their identity in various aspects of life. Failure to establish a clear sense of identity can lead to role confusion.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A tick is the arachnid responsible for transmitting Lyme disease. The characteristic rash associated with Lyme disease is erythema migrans, often described as a "bull's-eye" rash, which can appear days to weeks after a bite from an infected blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis or Ixodes pacificus). Spending time in wooded areas increases the risk of tick exposure.
Choice B rationale
Spiders are arachnids, but they are not the primary vector for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) or Rocky Mountain wood ticks (Dermacentor andersoni). The rash associated with this disease typically starts on the wrists and ankles and spreads centrally.
Choice C rationale
Mites are arachnids, and certain types cause scabies, a contagious skin infestation characterized by intense itching and a pimple-like rash due to the burrowing of the Sarcoptes scabiei mite into the skin. While hiking in wooded areas could potentially lead to exposure to some types of mites, the rash of scabies has a distinct presentation and transmission pattern different from Lyme disease.
Choice D rationale
Chiggers are also mites (arachnids) that can be found in wooded areas. Their bites cause chigger dermatitis, characterized by intensely itchy red welts or bumps where the larvae have attached to the skin. While the history of hiking is relevant to potential exposure to chiggers, the rash and the associated disease are distinct from the erythema migrans rash of Lyme disease. .
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A high elevation in the white blood cell count, or leukocytosis, is an expected inflammatory response in appendicitis. While an elevated WBC count (normal range typically 4,500 to 11,000 cells/mcL) indicates infection or inflammation, it does not necessarily signal immediate, life-threatening complications requiring immediate intervention.
Choice B rationale
Guarding, which is the tensing of abdominal muscles upon palpation, and rebound tenderness, pain that worsens when pressure is released, are classic signs of peritoneal irritation associated with appendicitis. These findings suggest inflammation of the peritoneum but do not indicate an immediate, critical emergency in the same way as sudden pain relief.
Choice C rationale
Sudden relief of pain in a child with appendicitis, followed by a rigid abdomen and fever, is a critical sign of a ruptured appendix and subsequent peritonitis. The rupture releases the pressure causing the initial pain, but the spillage of bowel contents leads to widespread inflammation of the peritoneum, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition requiring immediate surgical intervention to prevent sepsis and other complications.
Choice D rationale
Abdominal tenderness in the right lower quadrant (RLQ), often referred to as McBurney's point, is a characteristic finding in appendicitis due to the inflammation of the appendix in this anatomical location. While it warrants investigation and treatment, localized tenderness alone does not indicate an immediate, life-threatening complication.
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