A 75-year-old male patient who recently started playing Tennis at the local adult care center is complaining of elbow pain associated with extension and flexion range of movement. The nurse knows the likely cause of this patient discomfort is due to:

Lateral epicondylitis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Gout

Medial epicondylitis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as "tennis elbow," is an overuse injury characterized by pain and tenderness on the outer part of the elbow (lateral epicondyle). It results from repeated stress and

strain on the forearm muscles and tendons, often due to activities involving repetitive arm motions such as tennis. The pain typically worsens with activities involving gripping, extending, or lifting.
B.   Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that typically affects joints symmetrically, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. It usually involves joints like the hands, wrists, and knees rather than the elbows alone. RA symptoms are generally more diffuse and persistent, rather than specifically linked to recent physical activity and localized pain associated with movement.
C.   Gout is a form of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints. It often presents with sudden, severe pain, redness, and swelling, typically affecting the big toe but can also affect other joints. Gout attacks usually occur at night and are often very acute and localized. It is less likely to be associated with the type of pain described (pain during extension and flexion) and recent physical activity.
D.   Medial epicondylitis, also known as "golfer’s elbow," is similar to lateral epicondylitis but affects the inner part of the elbow (medial epicondyle). It is more commonly associated with activities that involve gripping and wrist flexion rather than the generalized extension and flexion pain described.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Decorticate rigidity is characterized by flexion of the arms and extension of the legs. In this posture, the upper arms are flexed and held tightly to the sides, with the elbows, wrists, and fingers also flexed. The legs are extended and internally rotated.
B. Flaccid posture, or flaccidity, is characterized by a complete lack of muscle tone, which leads to a limp and lifeless appearance. There is no resistance to passive movement, and the muscles are weak or paralyzed.

C. Decerebrate rigidity is characterized by extension of both the arms and the legs. In this posture, the arms are extended at the sides with the wrists and fingers flexed, and the legs are extended and internally rotated. This type of rigidity indicates damage to the brainstem below the red nucleus.
D. Hemiplegia refers to paralysis of one side of the body, which can result from brain injury or stroke affecting one hemisphere of the brain. The affected side will have limited or no movement and muscle tone.

A. Expressive Aphasia B. Aphonia C. Receptive Aphasia D. Dysphonia

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Expressive aphasia (also known as Broca’s aphasia) is a condition where the individual has difficulty producing speech or writing, despite having relatively intact comprehension and awareness of their

communication difficulties. This condition often results from damage to Broca’s area in the left frontal lobe of the brain
B. Aphonia refers to the loss of voice or the inability to produce vocal sounds. It is typically associated with a physical issue affecting the vocal cords or larynx, such as vocal cord paralysis or severe laryngitis. Aphonia does not necessarily affect comprehension or the ability to understand speech, but rather the ability to produce sound.
C. Receptive aphasia (also known as Wernicke’s aphasia) is characterized by difficulty understanding or processing language, despite fluent speech production. Individuals with receptive aphasia often speak in long sentences that lack meaning or include incorrect or nonsensical words, and they have impaired comprehension
D. Dysphonia refers to difficulty in producing speech due to issues with the voice, such as hoarseness or discomfort, often related to vocal cord problems. While it affects the quality of the voice, it does not necessarily impact the ability to understand language or produce speech in a meaningful way. Dysphonia is not the correct choice for the scenario described.

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A 75-year-old male patient who recently started playing Tennis at the local adult care center is complaining of elbow pain associated with extension and flexion range of movement. The nurse knows the likely cause of this patient discomfort is due to:

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In the Neuro ICU, a comatose patient has this posture in bed: Upper arms are flexed tight to the sides with elbows, wrists, and fingers flexed. The legs are extended and internally rotated. The nurse interprets this posture as:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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