A 26-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a new diagnosis of diabetes, a blood glucose level of 680 mg/dL and ketones in the blood and urine. Which type of diabetes should the nurse suspect?

Gestational

Prediabetes

Type 1

Type 2

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Gestational: Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and does not involve ketones in blood and urine, which are indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

B. Prediabetes: Prediabetes involves mildly elevated glucose levels but does not present with ketones or DKA.

C. Type 1: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an absolute insulin deficiency, leading to hyperglycemia and ketone production. DKA is a hallmark presentation of untreated or newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes.

D. Type 2: Type 2 diabetes is less likely to present with DKA as insulin production is typically sufficient to prevent significant ketone formation.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Insulin injections daily: Uncontrolled blood glucose levels, despite dietary compliance, indicate that the pancreas may not be producing adequate insulin. Daily insulin is necessary to control hyperglycemia in this situation.

B. Fluid restrictions: Fluid restrictions are not indicated unless the client has comorbidities like heart or renal failure.

C. Oral hypoglycemic medications: Oral medications are often ineffective for Type 1 diabetes or severe cases of Type 2 diabetes with marked hyperglycemia.

D. Peritoneal dialysis therapy: This is a treatment for end-stage renal disease, not uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.

A. Serum potassium 4.8 mEq/L (3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L) B. Serum sodium 138 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L) C. Calcium level of 10.0 mg/dL (9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL) D. Serum glucose 58 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL)

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Serum potassium 4.8 mEq/L (3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L): A normal potassium level suggests effective treatment of hyperkalemia.

B. Serum sodium 138 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L): This is within the normal sodium range and unrelated to the adverse effects of insulin therapy.

C. Calcium level of 10.0 mg/dL (9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL): This is within the normal calcium range, unaffected by insulin therapy for hyperkalemia.

D. Serum glucose 58 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL): Hypoglycemia is a potential adverse effect of insulin therapy because insulin drives glucose into cells, lowering blood sugar.

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A 26-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a new diagnosis of diabetes, a blood glucose level of 680 mg/dL and ketones in the blood and urine. Which type of diabetes should the nurse suspect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new onset of diabetes mellitus and is experiencing uncontrolled blood glucose levels. The client informs the nurse about their strict dietary compliance. Which should the nurse anticipate the provider prescribing for treatment?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has a hyperkalemia and is receiving insulin therapy. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as an adverse outcome?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse receives a new prescription from the provider that reads "Give regular insulin 14 units and NPH insulin 28 units subcutaneously at breakfast." How many syringes should the nurse prepare? __________syringe

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has diabetes mellitus and a new prescription for lispro and Lantus insulins. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who has diabetes mellitus and has a prescription for insulin detemir injections once daily. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is experiencing DKA?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has hypothyroidism and a prescription for levothyroxine. Which of the following statements should the nurse make to the client?

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has diabetes mellitus. The client is confused, flushed, and has an acetone odor on his breath. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following types of insulin to treat the client?

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