A 28 y.o. female presents to the ED with sudden onset of chest pain and difficulty breathing after a fall from her bicycle. She reports a history of smoking. On examination, decreased breath sounds and unequal chest excursion.
What condition is this client experiencing?
Pleural effusion
Asthma exacerbation
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary embolism
The Correct Answer is C
A. Pleural effusion: This involves fluid accumulation in the pleural space, leading to diminished breath sounds and dyspnea. However, it typically develops gradually, not with sudden onset following trauma.
B. Asthma exacerbation: Asthma usually presents with wheezing, prolonged expiration, and airway inflammation. The absence of wheezing and the presence of unequal chest excursion make this less likely.
C. Pneumothorax: Sudden chest pain, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, and unequal chest excursion strongly suggest pneumothorax. The history of trauma increases the likelihood, as air enters the pleural space causing lung collapse.
D. Pulmonary embolism: This causes sudden dyspnea and chest pain, but breath sounds are usually normal or clear. The presence of trauma, decreased breath sounds, and unequal chest expansion makes pulmonary embolism less consistent with this case.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Pleural effusion: This involves fluid accumulation in the pleural space, leading to diminished breath sounds and dyspnea. However, it typically develops gradually, not with sudden onset following trauma.
B. Asthma exacerbation: Asthma usually presents with wheezing, prolonged expiration, and airway inflammation. The absence of wheezing and the presence of unequal chest excursion make this less likely.
C. Pneumothorax: Sudden chest pain, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, and unequal chest excursion strongly suggest pneumothorax. The history of trauma increases the likelihood, as air enters the pleural space causing lung collapse.
D. Pulmonary embolism: This causes sudden dyspnea and chest pain, but breath sounds are usually normal or clear. The presence of trauma, decreased breath sounds, and unequal chest expansion makes pulmonary embolism less consistent with this case.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Cognitive: Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia include impairments in memory, attention, executive functioning, and problem-solving. Echolalia does not represent a cognitive deficit but rather an abnormal speech pattern tied to psychotic features.
B. Positive: Echolalia, the repetition of words or phrases spoken by another, is considered a positive symptom. Positive symptoms add abnormal experiences or behaviors, such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech, making echolalia fit into this category.
C. Hallucination: Hallucinations involve false sensory perceptions such as hearing, seeing, or feeling things that are not present. Echolalia is not a sensory distortion but a speech pattern disturbance, so it does not fall into the hallucination category.
D. Negative: Negative symptoms include diminished emotional expression, alogia, avolition, and social withdrawal. Echolalia does not reflect a reduction or absence of normal behavior but rather the presence of an additional abnormal behavior.
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