A 30 weeks' gestation neonate born with low Apgar scores is in the neonatal intensive care unit with respiratory distress syndrome and underwent an exchange transfusion for anemia. Which factors place the neonate at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis? Select all that apply

hyperthermia

low Apgar scores

preterm birth

respiratory distress syndrome

exchange transfusion

hyperglycemia

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,E

A.   Hyperthermia is not typically associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.
B.   Low Apgar scores indicate that the baby had difficulty adapting to life outside the womb and may have suffered from hypoxia or acidosis.
C.   Preterm birth is a significant risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis.
D.   Respiratory distress syndrome is associated with prematurity and is a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis.
E.   Exchange transfusion, a procedure often performed in neonates with severe jaundice or anemia, is associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.
F.   Hyperglycemia is not typically associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Presenting food matter-of-factly and allowing the child to choose what to eat can help promote autonomy and reduce mealtime stress, encouraging healthier eating habits over time.
B. Allowing the child to pick out foods for meals may reinforce picky eating habits and may not necessarily promote balanced nutrition.
C. Offering high-fat snacks to entice the child to eat may reinforce unhealthy eating habits and may not address the root causes of picky eating.
D. Offering a special treat as a reward for eating all the food on the plate may create an unhealthy association with food and may not promote long-term healthy eating habits.

A. Children with health issues, such as, disabilities, obesity, and food allergies, are at a decreased risk of being bullied. B. Both boys and girls are bullied; boys usually bully boys and use force more often. C. Children who bully are those who report themselves as being lonely and having difficulty in forming friendships. D. In general, about 20% of all children attending school are frightened and afraid most of the day.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Children with health issues may actually be at an increased risk of being bullied due to differences in appearance or ability.
B. Both boys and girls are bullied, but they may experience different types of bullying. Boys usually bully boys and use physical force more often, while girls may bully girls or boys and use verbal or relational aggression more often.
C. Children who bully are not necessarily those who are lonely or have difficulty in forming friendships. Some children who bully may have high self-esteem, popularity, or social power. They may bully to dominate, control, or impress others.
D. This statement may not accurately reflect the prevalence of fear among school children and does not address the developmental concern of bullying.

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A 30 weeks' gestation neonate born with low Apgar scores is in the neonatal intensive care unit with respiratory distress syndrome and underwent an exchange transfusion for anemia. Which factors place the neonate at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis? Select all that apply

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