A 30-year-old African American had surgery 6 months ago and the incision site is now raised, indurated, and shiny. This is most likely which type of tissue growth?
Melanoma
Keloid
Nevus
Angioma
The Correct Answer is B
A. Melanoma:
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment (melanin) in the skin. Melanoma lesions are typically irregularly shaped, often asymmetrical, with varying shades of color (brown, black, tan, red, blue). They may have an uneven border and can evolve over time. Melanomas can be raised but are not typically described as indurated (firm) and shiny. They are also more commonly associated with changes in color, size, and shape.
B. Keloid:
A keloid is an abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound or incision site. Keloids are characterized by their raised appearance, firm or indurated texture, and shiny surface compared to the surrounding skin. They may also be darker than the surrounding skin due to increased collagen deposition. Keloids can develop months after an injury or surgery and are more common in individuals with darker skin tones, such as African Americans.
C. Nevus:
A nevus, commonly known as a mole or birthmark, is a benign growth of melanocytes or other skin cells. Nevus lesions can vary in appearance but are often flat or slightly raised, with a uniform color (brown, black, tan, or flesh-colored). They are usually not described as indurated or shiny. Nevus lesions can be present at birth (congenital nevus) or develop later in life (acquired nevus).
D. Angioma:
Angiomas are benign tumors that originate from blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. They can present as red or purplish raised lesions on the skin. Angiomas are typically not described as indurated or shiny. Common types of angiomas include cherry angiomas (small, red papules) and spider angiomas (red, spider-like lesions with central vessels).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Stage III pressure injury
Stage III pressure injuries involve full-thickness skin loss, extending into the subcutaneous tissue but not through the fascia. These wounds typically present as deep craters and may involve undermining or tunneling. Non-blanchable erythema alone without visible skin loss is not characteristic of a Stage III pressure injury.
B. Stage IV pressure injury
Stage IV pressure injuries are the most severe and involve full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle. These wounds often have extensive tissue damage and can be difficult to manage. Again, non-blanchable erythema without visible skin loss is not indicative of a Stage IV pressure injury.
C. Stage II pressure injury
Stage II pressure injuries involve partial-thickness skin loss with damage to the epidermis and possibly the dermis. These wounds often present as shallow open ulcers or blisters and may have characteristics such as intact or ruptured blisters. While Stage II injuries can present with erythema, non-blanchable erythema specifically indicates a Stage I injury.
D. Stage I pressure injury
Stage I pressure injuries are the earliest stage and involve non-blanchable erythema of intact skin. The skin may be warmer or cooler than surrounding tissue and may have changes in sensation. There is no visible skin loss at this stage, but the area is at risk for further injury if pressure is not relieved. Therefore, non-blanchable erythema on the heels most likely indicates a Stage I pressure injury.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Body mass index (BMI) of 19:
A BMI of 19 falls within the normal weight range. While obesity (high BMI) is a known risk factor for surgical complications, including SSIs, having a lower BMI (underweight) like 19 may not directly increase the risk of SSIs. However, extreme malnutrition or low BMI due to underlying health conditions could potentially impact wound healing and immune function, indirectly contributing to infection risk.
B. History of deep vein thrombosis (DVT):
A history of deep vein thrombosis is a risk factor for surgical complications, including SSIs. Patients with a history of DVT may have impaired circulation or underlying vascular issues, which can affect tissue perfusion, wound healing, and increase the risk of infections.
C. Aged 55 years old:
Age is a risk factor for surgical complications, including SSIs. Older adults, typically defined as those aged 65 and above, may have reduced immune function, slower wound healing, and underlying health conditions that contribute to infection risk. While 55 years old is not considered advanced age in terms of surgical risk, older age in general is associated with a higher risk of complications.
D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for SSIs. Diabetes can impair immune function, delay wound healing, and increase susceptibility to infections. Poorly controlled blood sugar levels in diabetic patients can further exacerbate the risk of SSIs post-surgery.
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