Most of the deaths from burn trauma in the emergent phase that require a referral to a burn center result from:
cardiac arrest related to septic shock
Infection
adrenal failure
hypovolemic shock and renal failure.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Cardiac arrest related to septic shock:
Septic shock can occur in burn patients due to the breakdown of the skin barrier, which allows pathogens to enter the bloodstream and cause systemic infection. However, while septic shock is a serious complication of burn injuries, it is not the primary cause of death in the emergent phase. Septic shock can lead to multiple organ failure and contribute to mortality, but it is often a later complication rather than an immediate cause in the emergent phase.
B. Infection:
Infections are a significant concern in burn patients, especially as the burn wound provides an ideal environment for bacterial growth. However, infections typically contribute more significantly to mortality in the later phases of burn care rather than in the emergent phase. In the emergent phase, hypovolemic shock and other immediate complications have a greater impact on mortality.
C. Adrenal failure:
Adrenal failure, specifically acute adrenal insufficiency or Addisonian crisis, can occur in burn patients due to the stress response and corticosteroid depletion. While adrenal insufficiency is a concern in severe burn cases, it is not the primary cause of death in the emergent phase requiring referral to a burn center.
D. Hypovolemic shock and renal failure:
Hypovolemic shock is a critical concern in the emergent phase of burn trauma because burns can lead to significant fluid loss and electrolyte imbalances. Hypovolemic shock results from insufficient circulating blood volume, leading to inadequate perfusion of organs and tissues, which can be life-threatening. Additionally, renal failure can develop due to hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output, and the release of inflammatory mediators, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). Hypovolemic shock and subsequent renal failure are major contributors to mortality in the emergent phase of burn trauma, necessitating prompt referral to a burn center for specialized care.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Prevents complications, such as meningitis or pneumonitis
While oral acyclovir can be effective in managing HSV infections and reducing the severity of symptoms, it is not primarily used to prevent complications such as meningitis or pneumonitis. These complications may occur in severe cases of HSV infections, but oral acyclovir's main goal is to manage outbreaks and reduce symptoms.
B. Decreases the probability of recurrent outbreaks
Oral acyclovir can help reduce the frequency of recurrent outbreaks in individuals with HSV infections. However, it does not completely eliminate the probability of recurrent outbreaks. Some individuals may still experience occasional outbreaks even with regular use of oral acyclovir. The medication is more focused on managing outbreaks when they occur rather than preventing them entirely.
C. Shortens the outbreak and lessens the severity of symptoms
This option is the correct choice. Oral acyclovir is effective in shortening the duration of HSV outbreaks and reducing the severity of symptoms such as pain, itching, and lesions. It works by inhibiting the replication of the virus, which helps in faster healing and symptom relief. However, it does not cure the infection or eliminate the virus from the body.
D. Eliminates the likelihood of spreading the infection to others
While oral acyclovir can help manage outbreaks and reduce viral shedding, it does not completely eliminate the risk of spreading the infection to others. It can reduce the likelihood of transmission during active outbreaks, but individuals with HSV can still shed the virus and be contagious even when they are not experiencing visible symptoms. Therefore, other precautions such as practicing safe sex and avoiding close contact during outbreaks are also important for preventing transmission.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Electrical burns can have small amounts of skin damage, but more extensive damage beneath the skin.
This response is the best choice because it educates the client about the potential for deeper tissue damage associated with electrical burns. It acknowledges that while the burn on the skin may appear small, the damage underneath could be more extensive, affecting muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.
B. Electrical burns commonly cause reddened/purplish skin without blistering.
This statement is not the best response because it focuses solely on the appearance of the skin without addressing the potential for deeper tissue damage. While it is true that electrical burns can present with reddened or purplish skin without blistering, this response does not provide comprehensive information about the nature and severity of electrical burns.
C. Electrical burns typically are minor.
This response is incorrect because it downplays the seriousness of electrical burns. While some electrical burns may indeed be minor, others can cause significant tissue damage and complications. It's important for the nurse to educate the client about the range of severity that electrical burns can present.
D. Electrical burns usually cause much more skin damage than what can be seen on your skin.
This statement is partially accurate but does not provide as much information as choice A. While it acknowledges that electrical burns can cause more damage than what is visible on the skin's surface, it doesn't emphasize the potential for deeper tissue damage as effectively as choice A does.
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