Most of the deaths from burn trauma in the emergent phase that require a referral to a burn center result from:
cardiac arrest related to septic shock
Infection
adrenal failure
hypovolemic shock and renal failure.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Cardiac arrest related to septic shock:
Septic shock can occur in burn patients due to the breakdown of the skin barrier, which allows pathogens to enter the bloodstream and cause systemic infection. However, while septic shock is a serious complication of burn injuries, it is not the primary cause of death in the emergent phase. Septic shock can lead to multiple organ failure and contribute to mortality, but it is often a later complication rather than an immediate cause in the emergent phase.
B. Infection:
Infections are a significant concern in burn patients, especially as the burn wound provides an ideal environment for bacterial growth. However, infections typically contribute more significantly to mortality in the later phases of burn care rather than in the emergent phase. In the emergent phase, hypovolemic shock and other immediate complications have a greater impact on mortality.
C. Adrenal failure:
Adrenal failure, specifically acute adrenal insufficiency or Addisonian crisis, can occur in burn patients due to the stress response and corticosteroid depletion. While adrenal insufficiency is a concern in severe burn cases, it is not the primary cause of death in the emergent phase requiring referral to a burn center.
D. Hypovolemic shock and renal failure:
Hypovolemic shock is a critical concern in the emergent phase of burn trauma because burns can lead to significant fluid loss and electrolyte imbalances. Hypovolemic shock results from insufficient circulating blood volume, leading to inadequate perfusion of organs and tissues, which can be life-threatening. Additionally, renal failure can develop due to hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output, and the release of inflammatory mediators, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). Hypovolemic shock and subsequent renal failure are major contributors to mortality in the emergent phase of burn trauma, necessitating prompt referral to a burn center for specialized care.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Evidence-based practice:
Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves integrating the best available evidence from research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences and values to inform nursing practice. In perioperative nursing, EBP is important for making informed decisions about preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care protocols. For example, using evidence-based guidelines for surgical site infection prevention, pain management strategies, and postoperative care protocols can improve patient outcomes and safety.
B. Informatics:
Informatics refers to the use of information technology and data management systems to support nursing practice, education, research, and patient care. In perioperative nursing, informatics plays a crucial role in managing electronic health records (EHRs), accessing patient data, documenting care, and communicating with interdisciplinary team members. It also includes utilizing perioperative information systems for surgical scheduling, anesthesia records, and tracking patient progress during surgery.
C. Quality improvement:
Quality improvement (QI) involves systematic processes to monitor, assess, and improve the quality of healthcare services. In perioperative nursing, QI initiatives focus on enhancing patient safety, optimizing surgical outcomes, reducing complications, and improving efficiency in perioperative processes. Nurses participate in QI projects by analyzing data, identifying areas for improvement, implementing evidence-based practices, and evaluating the impact of interventions on patient care and outcomes.
D. Safety:
Safety is a fundamental QSEN competency, particularly critical in perioperative nursing care. Perioperative nurses are responsible for ensuring the safety of patients during all phases of surgery, including preoperative assessment, intraoperative care, and postoperative recovery. This includes measures such as verifying patient identity and surgical site, preventing surgical errors (e.g., wrong-site surgery), maintaining aseptic techniques to prevent infections, preventing falls and injuries, managing anesthesia safely, and adhering to protocols for safe medication administration and equipment use.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Bake or grill the meat rather than frying it."
This statement is more related to reducing fat intake rather than managing sodium levels. While reducing fried foods can be beneficial for overall health, it doesn't directly address the issue of sodium intake, which is crucial in managing hypernatremia.
B. “Check your radial pulse twice a day.”
Checking the radial pulse is a method used to monitor heart rate and rhythm. It is not directly related to managing sodium levels or hypernatremia. Although monitoring vital signs is important in general health care, it is not specific to addressing mild hypernatremia.
C. "Read food labels to determine sodium content."
This statement is the correct choice. Managing sodium intake is a key component in managing hypernatremia. Reading food labels helps patients identify high-sodium foods and make choices that are lower in sodium content, which can be crucial in preventing or managing mild hypernatremia.
D. “Weigh yourself every morning and every night."
While regular weight monitoring can be important for certain health conditions, it is not directly related to managing mild hypernatremia. Weight changes may occur with fluid retention or loss, but monitoring sodium intake and hydration status is more directly relevant to managing hypernatremia.
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