A 4-year-old child who weighs 44 lbs is diagnosed with Streptococcal Pharyngitis and is prescribed Penicillin. 40 mg/kg/day, twice a day for 10 days. The suspension is written as 400 mg/5 ml. Calculate one dose in mg.

Choice A rationale:
A brilliant, uniform red reflex observed during a funduscopic examination is a normal finding. It indicates the absence of any abnormalities in the retina or lens. A normal red reflex is essential in ruling out serious conditions such as retinoblastoma, cataracts, or other eye abnormalities.
Choice B rationale:
An abnormal red reflex, especially if it is not uniform and brilliant, could indicate underlying eye conditions and would require referral to an ophthalmologist for further evaluation. However, in this scenario, the description provided indicates a normal finding, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C rationale:
A uniform red reflex does not suggest a possible visual defect that requires vision screening. A normal red reflex indicates the absence of significant visual abnormalities, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D rationale:
Small hemorrhages in the eye would not present as a brilliant, uniform red reflex. Hemorrhages typically appear as dark spots or patches and would be an abnormal finding requiring further evaluation. This choice is incorrect in the context of the described scenario.

Choice A rationale:

Asthma. Rationale: A chronic, nonproductive cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of respiration are classic symptoms of asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways characterized by bronchoconstriction, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. These symptoms often worsen during the expiratory phase of respiration, leading to the characteristic expiratory wheezing.

Choice B rationale:

Pneumonia. Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by inflammation of the lung tissue and is often associated with productive cough, fever, chest pain, and sometimes wheezing. However, diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase without significant productive cough is not a typical presentation of pneumonia.

Choice C rationale:

Bronchiolitis. Rationale: Bronchiolitis, caused by viruses such as RSV, commonly affects infants and young children. It presents with symptoms such as cough, wheezing, and respiratory distress. However, bronchiolitis typically involves lower airway inflammation and is often associated with viral upper respiratory symptoms. The presented case, with a chronic, nonproductive cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase, is more indicative of asthma.

Choice D rationale:

Foreign body in the trachea. Rationale: A foreign body in the trachea can cause acute respiratory distress and coughing. While it can lead to wheezing, the chronic nature of the symptoms described in the scenario (chronic, nonproductive cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase) is not consistent with a foreign body in the trachea.