A 55-year-old patient with newly diagnosed hypertension seeks advice on lifestyle changes to help lower blood pressure. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply)
Engage in aerobic exercise for 30 minutes most days of the week
Limit alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day
Consume a diet high in saturated fats
Lose weight if overweight
Increase intake of processed foods
Correct Answer : A,B,D
Choice A reason: Aerobic exercise for 30 minutes most days (150 minutes weekly) lowers blood pressure by improving vascular function and reducing cardiac workload. This is a correct recommendation, as it aligns with hypertension guidelines, promoting cardiovascular health in a 55-year-old patient.
Choice B reason: Limiting alcohol to one drink per day reduces blood pressure, as excessive alcohol raises it by increasing vascular resistance. This is a correct recommendation, supporting hypertension management by minimizing alcohol’s adverse effects on cardiovascular function in the patient.
Choice C reason: A diet high in saturated fats increases cholesterol and blood pressure, worsening hypertension. Low-saturated-fat diets, like DASH, are recommended, making this incorrect, as the nurse should teach reducing saturated fats to improve cardiovascular outcomes in hypertension.
Choice D reason: Losing weight if overweight reduces blood pressure by decreasing vascular resistance and cardiac strain. This is a correct recommendation, as weight loss is a key lifestyle change for hypertension management, improving overall cardiovascular health in the patient.
Choice E reason: Increasing processed food intake is incorrect, as these foods are high in sodium, raising blood pressure. A low-sodium diet is recommended for hypertension, making this an incorrect choice, as the nurse should teach avoiding processed foods to control blood pressure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Chronic pulmonary disease is not a direct risk factor for peripheral artery disease, which is driven by atherosclerosis from factors like obesity or smoking. Pulmonary disease affects lungs, not arterial vasculature, making this an incorrect risk factor to include in teaching for peripheral artery disease.
Choice B reason: A body mass index of 35 indicates obesity, a major risk factor for peripheral artery disease due to increased atherosclerosis from dyslipidemia and inflammation. Obesity strains vascular health, promoting plaque buildup, making this a critical risk factor to include in teaching for disease prevention.
Choice C reason: Rheumatic fever causes cardiac complications, not peripheral artery disease, which results from arterial plaque buildup. It affects heart valves, not peripheral arteries, making it an incorrect risk factor to include in teaching, as it does not contribute to arterial insufficiency.
Choice D reason: History of venous thrombosis relates to venous disease, not arterial pathology like peripheral artery disease, which involves atherosclerosis. Venous and arterial diseases have distinct mechanisms, making venous thrombosis an incorrect risk factor to include in teaching about peripheral artery disease risk.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Increasing dietary potassium intake enhances diuretic effectiveness, especially with potassium-losing diuretics, by maintaining electrolyte balance and supporting blood pressure reduction. Foods like bananas help, making this the correct recommendation to improve hypertension management in a 69-year-old patient.
Choice B reason: High-intensity exercise is not advised for a 69-year-old on diuretics, as it risks dehydration or orthostatic hypotension. Moderate exercise is safer, making this incorrect, as the nurse should recommend appropriate activity levels to support, not strain, cardiovascular health.
Choice C reason: A high-sodium diet counteracts diuretics by promoting fluid retention, raising blood pressure. A low-sodium diet enhances diuretic efficacy, making this incorrect, as the nurse should recommend sodium restriction to improve hypertension control and medication effectiveness.
Choice D reason: Limiting fluid intake to 500 mL daily risks dehydration in a patient on diuretics, worsening hypotension or renal function. Adequate hydration is needed, making this incorrect, as the nurse should encourage balanced fluid intake to support safe diuretic therapy.
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