A 55-year-old patient with newly diagnosed hypertension seeks advice on lifestyle changes to help lower blood pressure. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply)
Engage in aerobic exercise for 30 minutes most days of the week
Limit alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day
Consume a diet high in saturated fats
Lose weight if overweight
Increase intake of processed foods
Correct Answer : A,B,D
Choice A reason: Aerobic exercise for 30 minutes most days (150 minutes weekly) lowers blood pressure by improving vascular function and reducing cardiac workload. This is a correct recommendation, as it aligns with hypertension guidelines, promoting cardiovascular health in a 55-year-old patient.
Choice B reason: Limiting alcohol to one drink per day reduces blood pressure, as excessive alcohol raises it by increasing vascular resistance. This is a correct recommendation, supporting hypertension management by minimizing alcohol’s adverse effects on cardiovascular function in the patient.
Choice C reason: A diet high in saturated fats increases cholesterol and blood pressure, worsening hypertension. Low-saturated-fat diets, like DASH, are recommended, making this incorrect, as the nurse should teach reducing saturated fats to improve cardiovascular outcomes in hypertension.
Choice D reason: Losing weight if overweight reduces blood pressure by decreasing vascular resistance and cardiac strain. This is a correct recommendation, as weight loss is a key lifestyle change for hypertension management, improving overall cardiovascular health in the patient.
Choice E reason: Increasing processed food intake is incorrect, as these foods are high in sodium, raising blood pressure. A low-sodium diet is recommended for hypertension, making this an incorrect choice, as the nurse should teach avoiding processed foods to control blood pressure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: A healed, painful area on the spine is unrelated to peripheral artery disease, which affects limb circulation. It may indicate a separate issue but is not a priority safety concern for this condition, making it less urgent to report compared to balance issues.
Choice B reason: Needing to walk slowly due to frequent loss of balance is a safety concern in peripheral artery disease, as it suggests neuropathy or severe ischemia, increasing fall risk. This requires immediate provider attention to prevent injury, making it the correct statement to report.
Choice C reason: Feeling sad about not keeping up with grandchildren reflects emotional impact but not an immediate safety concern in peripheral artery disease. Balance issues pose a greater risk, making this less urgent to report, as it does not indicate physical harm.
Choice D reason: Avoiding going out due to leg pain is expected in peripheral artery disease (claudication) but is not an immediate safety concern like balance loss. It requires management but not urgent reporting, making this incorrect compared to the fall risk indicated by balance issues.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Poikilothermia, or coolness of the limb, is one of the “6 P’s” of arterial disease, indicating reduced blood flow causing temperature drop. This is a correct choice, as it reflects ischemia in acute arterial occlusion, critical for students to recognize in assessing limb compromise.
Choice B reason: Pooling is not one of the “6 P’s” of arterial disease, which include pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, and poikilothermia. Pooling relates to venous stasis, not arterial insufficiency, making this incorrect for inclusion in teaching about arterial disease signs.
Choice C reason: Pallor is a key “6 P’s” sign of arterial disease, indicating reduced blood flow causing skin paleness due to ischemia. This is a correct choice, as it is a critical clinical finding students must recognize in assessing acute arterial occlusion and limb ischemia.
Choice D reason: Paralysis is included in the “6 P’s” of arterial disease, signaling severe ischemia impairing muscle function. This is a correct choice, as it indicates advanced limb compromise, requiring urgent intervention, and is essential for students to understand in arterial disease assessment.
Choice E reason: Petechiae, small hemorrhagic spots, are not part of the “6 P’s” of arterial disease, which focus on ischemic signs like pallor and paralysis. Petechiae relate to bleeding disorders, making this incorrect for teaching, as it does not reflect arterial occlusion pathology.
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