A 67-year-old patient will be undergoing a mitral valve replacement for severe mitral valve stenosis. When reviewing the patient's chart, which of these infectious diseases would likely to be present in this patient's history?

Meningitis

Haemophilus influenzae

Rheumatic fever

Varicella

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges). It is not directly related to mitral valve stenosis or other valvular heart diseases.
B.   Haemophilus influenzae is a bacterium that can cause respiratory tract infections and other diseases such as meningitis, particularly in children. However, it is not a common cause of rheumatic fever or valvular heart disease.
C.   Rheumatic fever is a serious complication of untreated or inadequately treated Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat). It can cause inflammation in various parts of the body, including the heart. Rheumatic fever is a known cause of rheumatic heart disease, which can lead to mitral valve stenosis or regurgitation.
D.   Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. While it is important to manage and prevent viral infections, varicella is not associated with the development of mitral valve stenosis or other valvular heart diseases.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The pacemaker and its leads are implanted in the chest area, and direct blows or trauma to this area can potentially dislodge the leads or damage the pacemaker. Patients should be advised to avoid activities that could result in trauma to the chest to protect the pacemaker and ensure its proper function.
B. Patients are generally advised to avoid lifting the arm on the side of the pacemaker above shoulder level for a period (usually about 4-6 weeks) to prevent complications and ensure proper healing. Early lifting of the arm might dislodge the pacemaker leads or cause other issues. Exercises and range-of- motion activities are typically started under guidance once the initial healing period is over.

C. Modern pacemakers are designed to be shielded against common household electrical appliances, including microwave ovens. Patients with pacemakers do not need to avoid using microwave ovens, as there is no significant risk of interference from these devices.
D. Mild analgesics might be used for discomfort or pain in some cases, but the notion that chest spasms are caused by the pacing current is generally incorrect. Pacemakers are designed to be non-intrusive and should not cause spasm-like sensations if functioning correctly.

A. Causes fever and malaise. B. There is a backward flow blood and volume overload in the preceding chamber. C. Causes the body to have an autoimmune reaction which impacts the connective tissue of the heart. D. There is narrowing of the vessel causing an increase in cardiac output

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Valvular regurgitation itself does not typically cause fever and malaise. These symptoms might be associated with an underlying infection, such as endocarditis, which can be a complication of valvular regurgitation, but they are not direct effects of the regurgitation itself.
B. This statement accurately describes one of the primary effects of valvular regurgitation. When a valve does not close properly, blood flows backward into the chamber from which it came. This backward flow

leads to volume overload in that chamber, as it receives extra blood that should have moved forward into the next chamber or artery.
C. Valvular regurgitation does not cause an autoimmune reaction affecting the connective tissue of the heart. Autoimmune reactions related to heart valves are typically associated with conditions like rheumatic fever, which can cause damage to the heart valves and lead to regurgitation, but the regurgitation itself is not an autoimmune reaction.
D. This statement describes a condition known as stenosis, not regurgitation. Stenosis is the narrowing of a heart valve or vessel that restricts blood flow and can lead to increased cardiac output to overcome the obstruction.

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A 67-year-old patient will be undergoing a mitral valve replacement for severe mitral valve stenosis. When reviewing the patient's chart, which of these infectious diseases would likely to be present in this patient's history?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with a sinus node dysfunction has a permanent pacemaker inserted. Before discharge, what should the nurse include when teaching the patient?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

What effect does valvular regurgitation have on a patient?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse recognizes the patient has clinical manifestations of left sided heart failure when noticing the following during the assessment

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A patient has been diagnosed with ST-elevated myocardial infarction. The nurse anticipates administering which of the following medications? (Select All that Apply.)

What should the nurse teach the patient who has endocarditis about preventing recurrence of the infections?

A nurse is teaching a client who is postoperative following the insertion of a permanent pacemaker. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Which action should the nurse include in a community health program to decrease the incidence of rheumatic fever?

The nurse is obtaining a health history from a 24-year-old patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Which information obtained by the nurse is most important in planning care?

A 67-year-old patient will be undergoing a mitral valve replacement for severe mitral valve stenosis. When reviewing the patient's chart, which of these infectious diseases would likely to be present in this patient's history?