A 71-year-old male client with moderate to late-stage Parkinson disease is admitted from home to the hospital with new-onset orthostatic hypotension and occasional dysphagia. According to his wife, he needs assistance with ADLs only on days when his rigidity is worse, and walks short distances in the house using a walker. Which of the following actions would the nurse take? Select all that apply.

Choice A reason: Asking the nursing assistant to determine if Marvin can safely sit in a bedside chair is not appropriate. Safety assessments, especially for patients with recent neurological events, should be done by a registered nurse or a physical therapist. This ensures that any nuanced clinical signs indicating instability or risk are recognized and addressed promptly.
Choice B reason: Passive range of motion (ROM) exercises are essential for patients with hemiplegia to prevent complications such as muscle atrophy, joint contractures, and decreased circulation. Regularly performing these exercises can maintain the health of the muscles and joints, promote better blood flow, and help in maintaining some degree of flexibility in the affected limbs.
Choice C reason: Assessing neurologic status is crucial in patients who have had a recent stroke and received tPA treatment. Frequent neurologic assessments help in monitoring for any changes or signs of deterioration. This includes checking consciousness, pupil response, motor function, and sensory perception. Changes in these parameters can indicate complications or the need for immediate medical interventions.
Choice D reason: Coordinating with speech therapy for a swallowing evaluation is essential because Marvin has dysphagia. Swallowing assessments by a speech therapist can determine the patient's ability to swallow safely and the appropriate dietary modifications needed to prevent aspiration, a common risk in patients with dysphagia. This is vital to prevent pneumonia or other respiratory complications.
Choice E reason: Using pillows and positioning devices to maintain proper body alignment is important in preventing complications such as pressure ulcers, muscle contractures, and discomfort. Proper positioning can also assist in maintaining better respiratory function and overall comfort. It also prevents the development of deformities and promotes functional posture, which is especially important for patients with hemiplegia.
Choice F reason: Pulling on his arm to position him on his side is inappropriate and can cause injury, especially in a patient with hemiplegia. This technique can lead to shoulder dislocations or increased pain. Instead, proper repositioning techniques using assistive devices and help from additional staff members should be employed to ensure safe and effective movement of the patient.

Choice A reason: Asking the HCP to change the medication from heparin to enoxaparin (Lovenox) would not be the most appropriate action for a patient diagnosed with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Enoxaparin, like heparin, is a low molecular weight heparin and can still cause HIT. Therefore, this action does not address the immediate need to stop the heparin infusion to prevent further reduction in platelet levels and manage the HIT effectively.
Choice B reason: Discontinuing the heparin infusion is the correct action for a nurse to take first when a patient is diagnosed with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). The primary step in managing HIT is to stop all forms of heparin to prevent further platelet activation and decrease in platelet count. Discontinuing heparin helps to prevent thromboembolic complications associated with HIT. Once heparin is discontinued, the healthcare provider can evaluate alternative anticoagulation therapies that do not cross-react with heparin, such as direct thrombin inhibitors.
Choice C reason: Administering prescribed warfarin (Coumadin) is not appropriate at this stage for a patient diagnosed with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Warfarin can initially lead to a hypercoagulable state, which increases the risk of thrombosis in patients with HIT. The immediate priority is to discontinue heparin, and warfarin should only be considered once platelet counts have recovered and the acute HIT has been managed.
Choice D reason: Preparing for platelet transfusion is not the first action to take for managing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Platelet transfusions are generally avoided in HIT as they can potentially worsen the thrombotic risk. The primary action should be to discontinue heparin and consider alternative anticoagulation therapies. Platelet transfusions may be reserved for cases where there is significant bleeding or invasive procedures are planned.