A 78-year-old patient comes to the clinic with complaints of difficulty seeing faces and reading small print. The patient is diagnosed with macular degeneration. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize to help manage the patient’s condition?
Advise the patient to increase their screen time to exercise their eye muscles.
Encourage the patient to quit smoking to slow the progression of the disease.
Suggest the patient avoid all physical activities to prevent further eye damage.
Inform the patient to reduce their water intake to prevent fluid accumulation in the eyes.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A Reason:
Advising the patient to increase their screen time to exercise their eye muscles is not appropriate for managing macular degeneration. Increased screen time can cause eye strain and does not benefit the condition. Instead, patients should be encouraged to engage in activities that do not exacerbate eye strain.
Choice B Reason:
Encouraging the patient to quit smoking is a crucial intervention for managing macular degeneration. Smoking is a significant risk factor for the progression of macular degeneration. Quitting smoking can help slow the progression of the disease and improve overall eye health. This intervention addresses a modifiable risk factor and can have a positive impact on the patient’s condition.
Choice C Reason:
Suggesting the patient avoid all physical activities to prevent further eye damage is not necessary for managing macular degeneration. Physical activity is important for overall health and does not directly impact the progression of macular degeneration. Patients should be encouraged to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity.
Choice D Reason:
Informing the patient to reduce their water intake to prevent fluid accumulation in the eyes is not relevant for managing macular degeneration. Adequate hydration is important for overall health, and there is no evidence to suggest that reducing water intake will benefit patients with macular degeneration. This advice could potentially lead to dehydration and other health issues.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Administering diuretics to increase urine output is not appropriate in this scenario. Diuretics would exacerbate dehydration and further increase serum sodium levels by promoting additional water loss. This approach would worsen the patient’s condition rather than improve it.
Choice B Reason:
Administering desmopressin is a suitable intervention for this patient. Desmopressin is a synthetic analog of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and is used to treat conditions like diabetes insipidus, which can cause symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, and dehydration. Desmopressin helps to reduce urine output and correct the imbalance of fluids and electrolytes.
Choice C Reason:
Administering intravenous hypotonic saline is appropriate for managing high serum sodium levels and dehydration. Hypotonic saline helps to lower serum sodium levels by diluting the blood and rehydrating the patient. This intervention addresses both the dehydration and the electrolyte imbalance effectively.
Choice D Reason:
Restricting fluid intake to reduce urine output is not appropriate in this case. Fluid restriction would worsen dehydration and could lead to further complications. The patient needs adequate fluid replacement to correct the dehydration and normalize serum sodium levels.
Choice E Reason:
Administering hypertonic saline is not suitable for this patient. Hypertonic saline would increase serum sodium levels further, exacerbating the hypernatremia. This intervention would be counterproductive and could lead to severe complications.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Prescription glasses can help improve vision in the early stages of cataracts by compensating for changes in the lens. However, they do not treat the underlying condition. As cataracts progress, glasses become less effective, and surgery becomes necessary to restore clear vision.
Choice B Reason:
Laser therapy is not used to dissolve cataracts. Instead, it is sometimes used after cataract surgery to treat a condition called posterior capsule opacification, which can occur months or years after the initial surgery. This procedure, known as YAG laser capsulotomy, helps to clear the vision but does not address the primary cataract.
Choice C Reason:
Anti-inflammatory eye drops can be used to manage inflammation and discomfort associated with cataracts or cataract surgery. However, they do not treat or remove the cataract itself. These drops are often part of the post-operative care following cataract surgery.
Choice D Reason:
Cataract surgery is the most effective treatment for cataracts. During the procedure, the clouded natural lens is removed and replaced with a clear artificial lens called an intraocular lens (IOL). This surgery significantly improves vision and is considered the definitive treatment for cataracts.
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