A baby is born with a diaphragmatic hernia. Which of the following signs/symptoms would the nurse likely observe in the delivery room?

Choice A rationale

Surfactant reduces alveolar surface tension, improving lung compliance and facilitating gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, critical in addressing respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants.

Choice B rationale

Periodic apnea in premature infants is a neurological immaturity issue, not directly addressed by surfactant, which targets alveolar function in the lungs.

Choice C rationale

Surfactant does not possess antimicrobial properties; it functions to stabilize alveoli, not to combat respiratory infections.

Choice D rationale

Sedation requirements for infants are unrelated to surfactant therapy, which works mechanically in the lungs rather than through central nervous system effects.

Choice A rationale

Manually removing the placenta can introduce infection and cause uterine injury, which are not preventive measures for postpartum hemorrhage but treatments for retained placenta requiring sterile conditions and medical indication.

Choice B rationale

Administering antibiotics does not directly prevent postpartum hemorrhage, as it focuses on managing infections like endometritis. Hemorrhage prevention is better addressed by uterine tone management and avoiding excessive bleeding.

Choice C rationale

Applying pressure to the umbilical cord can lead to uterine inversion, worsening hemorrhage. Controlled cord traction during active management of the third stage is safer and reduces hemorrhage risk effectively.

Choice D rationale

Frequent urination prevents bladder distension, which enhances uterine contraction. A contracted uterus reduces hemorrhage risk by compressing blood vessels. Distended bladder inhibits proper uterine contraction, increasing hemorrhage likelihood.