A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a graduating nurse about fluid volume deficit. Which of the following concepts about water balance should the nurse explain to the graduating nurse?

The intracellular space contains most of the body's water.

A fluid volume deficit inhibits baroreceptors.

When the body loses water, the intravascular space experiences the water loss.

A negative fluid balance occurs when the body takes in more water than the body needs.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. The intracellular space contains most of the body's water: While it is true that the intracellular space holds the majority of the body's water, this statement does not specifically relate to the concept of fluid volume deficit or how the body responds to it.

B. A fluid volume deficit inhibits baroreceptors: In fact, fluid volume deficit activates baroreceptors due to reduced blood pressure, leading to compensatory mechanisms like increased heart rate and vasoconstriction to maintain blood pressure.

C. When the body loses water, the intravascular space experiences the water loss: This statement accurately describes the process during fluid volume deficit. The intravascular space loses water, leading to decreased blood volume, which can result in symptoms like hypotension and reduced tissue perfusion.

D. A negative fluid balance occurs when the body takes in more water than the body needs: This statement is incorrect; a negative fluid balance occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in, leading to dehydration or fluid volume deficit.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hyperventilation: Respiratory alkalosis is typically caused by hyperventilation, which leads to excessive loss of carbon dioxide and an increase in blood pH. This is a primary finding in respiratory alkalosis.

B. Abdominal pain: While abdominal pain can occur in various conditions, it is not a specific or common finding associated with respiratory alkalosis.

C. Dry skin: Dry skin is not a direct manifestation of respiratory alkalosis. It is not typically associated with the changes in acid-base balance seen in respiratory alkalosis.

D. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis. Instead, gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea are more commonly related to metabolic acidosis or other conditions.

A. Respiratory acidosis B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Respiratory alkalosis

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Respiratory acidosis is caused by hypoventilation, leading to an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the blood. This condition is characterized by confusion, drowsiness, and headache, but it does not typically present with vomiting, tingling, or slow respirations as described in this scenario.
B. Metabolic alkalosis occurs due to a loss of hydrogen ions or an excess of bicarbonate, commonly caused by prolonged vomiting. The symptoms described, including persistent vomiting, tingling, and slow, shallow respirations, are consistent with metabolic alkalosis.
C. Metabolic acidosis results from the accumulation of acid or loss of bicarbonate, often presenting with rapid, deep breathing (Kussmaul respirations). The client’s slow respirations and other symptoms do not align with metabolic acidosis, making this option less likely.
D. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation, which leads to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels. It is usually associated with rapid breathing and does not match the slow respirations and other symptoms seen in this client.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a graduating nurse about fluid volume deficit. Which of the following concepts about water balance should the nurse explain to the graduating nurse?

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