A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a graduating nurse about fluid volume deficit. Which of the following concepts about water balance should the nurse explain to the graduating nurse?
The intracellular space contains most of the body's water.
A fluid volume deficit inhibits baroreceptors.
When the body loses water, the intravascular space experiences the water loss.
A negative fluid balance occurs when the body takes in more water than the body needs.
The Correct Answer is C
A. The intracellular space contains most of the body's water: While it is true that the intracellular space holds the majority of the body's water, this statement does not specifically relate to the concept of fluid volume deficit or how the body responds to it.
B. A fluid volume deficit inhibits baroreceptors: In fact, fluid volume deficit activates baroreceptors due to reduced blood pressure, leading to compensatory mechanisms like increased heart rate and vasoconstriction to maintain blood pressure.
C. When the body loses water, the intravascular space experiences the water loss: This statement accurately describes the process during fluid volume deficit. The intravascular space loses water, leading to decreased blood volume, which can result in symptoms like hypotension and reduced tissue perfusion.
D. A negative fluid balance occurs when the body takes in more water than the body needs: This statement is incorrect; a negative fluid balance occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in, leading to dehydration or fluid volume deficit.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Diarrhea: Diarrhea leads to the loss of bicarbonate, an important buffer in the blood, which can contribute to the development of metabolic acidosis as the body loses bicarbonate faster than it can replace it.
B. Vomiting: Vomiting typically leads to metabolic alkalosis due to the loss of stomach acid, which reduces the amount of hydrogen ions in the body.
C. Salicylate intoxication: This condition primarily causes a mixed acid-base disturbance, including metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis, due to its effects on both the metabolic and respiratory systems.
D. Hyperventilation: This condition causes respiratory alkalosis due to excessive loss of carbon dioxide, not metabolic acidosis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia involves elevated potassium levels, which can cause muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and other symptoms, but it is not associated with Trousseau's sign or bone pain.
B. Hypermagnesemia: Hypermagnesemia, an elevated magnesium level, typically causes symptoms such as muscle weakness and respiratory depression, but not Trousseau's sign or bone pain.
C. Hypocalcemia: Hypocalcemia, characterized by low calcium levels, is commonly associated with a positive Trousseau's sign (spasms induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff) and bone pain due to calcium's role in bone health and neuromuscular function.
D. Hyponatremia: Hyponatremia refers to low sodium levels, which can cause symptoms like confusion, seizures, and lethargy, but it is not related to Trousseau's sign or bone pain.
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