A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about health care-associated infections (HAIs). Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching as examples of HAIS?

A client who has pneumonia after being on a ventilator

A client who has a bladder infection and has an indwelling urinary catheter

A client who has a surgical site infection

A client who has influenza acquired from a coworker

A client who has an infection at their central-line insertion site

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

A.   Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common HAI that occurs in patients who have been mechanically ventilated for an extended period. The presence of a ventilator increases the risk of introducing pathogens into the lower respiratory tract, leading to pneumonia.
B.   Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is an HAI that occurs due to the use of urinary catheters. Indwelling urinary catheters can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, increasing the risk of infection.
C.   Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections that occur after surgery in the part of the body where the surgery took place. They are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and are considered HAIs when they occur in healthcare settings.
D.   Influenza acquired from a coworker is not typically considered a healthcare-associated infection. It is usually acquired in community settings rather than healthcare facilities.
E.   Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) occur when bacteria or other pathogens enter the bloodstream through a central venous catheter. These infections are considered HAIs because they are associated with the presence of a central venous catheter used for medical treatment.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Keeping the client in a semi-Fowler's position (with the head of the bed elevated to 30-45 degrees) can help improve lung expansion and reduce the feeling of congestion. This position facilitates easier breathing but has no direct role in expectoration.
B. Adequate hydration helps to thin bronchial secretions, making them easier to cough up and clear from the airways. This is particularly beneficial for clients with COPD who often have thick, sticky mucus that is difficult to expectorate. Drinking sufficient water helps keep the mucus more liquid and less likely to block air passages.
C. Oxygen therapy is essential for clients with COPD to maintain adequate oxygen levels, but it does not directly address the issue of tenacious bronchial secretions. However, ensuring adequate oxygenation can indirectly support the client's ability to mobilize and expectorate secretions by improving overall respiratory function.
D. A low-salt diet is important for managing conditions like hypertension and heart failure, but it does not directly impact the client's ability to clear bronchial secretions in COPD. While overall health management is crucial, dietary changes do not play a direct role in managing respiratory secretions.

A. Tachycardia B. Constipation C. Drowsiness D. Oliguria

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Tachycardia refers to a rapid heart rate, typically defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute. Theophylline can stimulate the heart and central nervous system, leading to an increase in heart rate. Tachycardia is a known adverse effect of theophylline and can occur especially if the medication is taken in higher doses or if there are interactions with other medications or caffeine.
B. Constipation is not a common adverse effect of theophylline. Theophylline primarily affects the respiratory and cardiovascular systems rather than the gastrointestinal system. Therefore, constipation is unlikely to be caused by theophylline therapy.
C. Drowsiness is generally not a common adverse effect of theophylline. Instead, theophylline is more likely to cause CNS stimulation, which can lead to insomnia, restlessness, or anxiety rather than drowsiness.
D. Oliguria refers to decreased urine output, which is not typically associated with theophylline use. Theophylline primarily affects respiratory function and cardiovascular parameters. Decreased urine output can occur in certain conditions or with medications that affect kidney function, but it is not a recognized adverse effect of theophylline.

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A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about health care-associated infections (HAIs). Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching as examples of HAIS?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has asthma and is about to start taking theophylline (Theo-24). The nurse should tell the client that this medication might cause which of the following adverse effects?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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