A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about health care-associated infections (HAIs). Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching as examples of HAIS?

A client who has pneumonia after being on a ventilator

A client who has a bladder infection and has an indwelling urinary catheter

A client who has a surgical site infection

A client who has influenza acquired from a coworker

A client who has an infection at their central-line insertion site

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

A.   Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common HAI that occurs in patients who have been mechanically ventilated for an extended period. The presence of a ventilator increases the risk of introducing pathogens into the lower respiratory tract, leading to pneumonia.
B.   Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is an HAI that occurs due to the use of urinary catheters. Indwelling urinary catheters can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, increasing the risk of infection.
C.   Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections that occur after surgery in the part of the body where the surgery took place. They are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and are considered HAIs when they occur in healthcare settings.
D.   Influenza acquired from a coworker is not typically considered a healthcare-associated infection. It is usually acquired in community settings rather than healthcare facilities.
E.   Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) occur when bacteria or other pathogens enter the bloodstream through a central venous catheter. These infections are considered HAIs because they are associated with the presence of a central venous catheter used for medical treatment.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This scenario describes a near-miss or a close call, where an error occurred but was intercepted before reaching the patient. While it is a significant incident that requires investigation and corrective action, it does not meet the criteria for a sentinel event because there was no actual harm to the patient.
B. This option could be related to the natural course of the patient's illness or underlying condition.
C. This incident involves a medication error where a potentially harmful medication was prescribed but not administered due to cancellation. Since the medication was not administered and no harm occurred to the patient, this does not meet the criteria for a sentinel event. It is a medication error that warrants investigation and review to prevent future occurrences.
D. This is because patient falls are specifically mentioned as one of the most commonly reported sentinel events, which can result in serious injury or death.

A. hoarseness. B. dysphagia. C. weight loss. D. dyspnea.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hoarseness or changes in voice quality is one of the hallmark symptoms of laryngeal cancer. It occurs due to the tumor affecting the vocal cords or surrounding structures. Hoarseness is often persistent and does not resolve with voice rest or usual treatments for laryngitis.
B. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can occur in laryngeal cancer, especially if the tumor affects the structures involved in swallowing. However, dysphagia typically occurs later in the course of the disease as the tumor grows and obstructs the passage of food or liquids.
C. Weight loss can be a symptom of advanced laryngeal cancer but is less commonly reported as an early manifestation. Significant weight loss may occur as a result of difficulty eating due to dysphagia or as a generalized effect of cancer on the body.
D. Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is not typically an early manifestation of laryngeal cancer unless the tumor is large and obstructs the airway. It is more commonly associated with advanced disease or tumors that have spread to nearby structures.

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A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about health care-associated infections (HAIs). Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching as examples of HAIS?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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