A child diagnosed with celiac disease is being educated on dietary restrictions.
Which food should the nurse instruct the child to avoid?

Choice A rationale

Tight-fitting underwear can trap moisture and limit airflow in the genital area, potentially creating a more favorable environment for bacterial growth and increasing the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), rather than preventing them.

Choice B rationale

Wiping from front to back after urination and defecation is a critical hygiene practice for females to prevent the transfer of bacteria from the rectal area to the urethra. The urethra is shorter in females, making them more susceptible to ascending UTIs from fecal bacteria like *Escherichia coli*.

Choice C rationale

Bubble baths can introduce irritants and soaps into the urethra and perineal area, disrupting the natural flora and potentially increasing the risk of UTIs, especially in children who are already prone to them.

Choice D rationale

Limiting fluid intake can lead to less frequent urination and more concentrated urine. This allows bacteria more time to multiply in the urinary tract and reduces the flushing action that helps to eliminate bacteria, thereby increasing the risk of UTIs. Adequate hydration and frequent voiding are important for preventing UTIs. .

Choice A rationale

A first-degree burn involves only the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. It is characterized by redness (erythema), pain, and dryness, without the formation of blisters. The superficial damage affects the outer layer of epithelial cells, causing vasodilation and inflammation, leading to the observed redness and discomfort.

Choice B rationale

A second-degree burn involves the epidermis and a portion of the dermis, the layer beneath the epidermis. These burns are characterized by blisters, significant pain, redness, and swelling. The damage extends deeper into the skin, affecting nerve endings and blood vessels, leading to fluid leakage and blister formation.

Choice C rationale

A third-degree burn involves the destruction of the epidermis and the entire dermis, potentially extending into the subcutaneous tissue. These burns appear white or charred, are often painless initially due to nerve damage, and lack blisters. The full thickness destruction of skin layers impairs sensation and requires significant medical intervention, often including skin grafting.

Choice D rationale

Full-thickness burn is another term for a third-degree burn, indicating that all layers of the skin have been destroyed. This type of burn extends through the epidermis and dermis and may involve underlying subcutaneous tissue, muscle, or bone. The appearance is typically dry, leathery, and may be white, charred, or waxy.