A child with acute glomerulonephritis is experiencing hematuria.
Which intervention is most appropriate?
Administer analgesics.
Provide a high-protein diet.
Monitor urine output.
Encourage fluid intake.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Analgesics might mask pain, which is an important indicator of the child's condition and potential complications. While pain management is crucial, it is not the most immediate or specific intervention for hematuria in acute glomerulonephritis. The primary focus is on managing the kidney inflammation and its effects.
Choice B rationale
A high-protein diet is generally contraindicated in acute glomerulonephritis, especially when kidney function is compromised. Damaged glomeruli struggle to filter protein waste products, leading to increased urea and potential azotemia. Dietary protein is usually restricted during the acute phase to reduce the workload on the kidneys.
Choice C rationale
Monitoring urine output is essential in acute glomerulonephritis as it directly reflects kidney function. Reduced urine output (oliguria) or its cessation (anuria) can indicate worsening kidney failure. Close monitoring helps assess the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment interventions aimed at preserving renal function. Normal urine output for children varies with age and weight but is generally around 1-2 mL/kg/hour.
Choice D rationale
While maintaining adequate hydration is important, encouraging excessive fluid intake in a child with acute glomerulonephritis and hematuria can lead to fluid overload. Impaired kidney function can result in the inability to excrete excess fluid, potentially causing hypertension, edema, and even heart failure. Fluid balance must be carefully managed.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Currant jelly stools (stools mixed with blood and mucus) and drawing the knees to the chest are classic signs and symptoms of intussusception in infants. The telescoping of one part of the intestine into another leads to bowel obstruction, inflammation, and bleeding, resulting in the characteristic stool appearance and abdominal pain that causes the infant to draw their knees up in an attempt to relieve the discomfort.
Choice B rationale
Ribbon-like stools and visible peristalsis are more characteristic of Hirschsprung's disease (congenital aganglionic megacolon), a condition where a segment of the colon lacks nerve cells, impairing motility and leading to constipation and a narrowed segment of the bowel. Visible peristalsis can occur due to the bowel trying to push stool through the narrowed segment.
Choice C rationale
Explosive watery diarrhea and fever are typical signs of gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. While vomiting can occur in both conditions, the stool characteristics and the presence of fever are more indicative of gastroenteritis rather than intussusception.
Choice D rationale
Bright red blood in the stool without other symptoms is less specific to intussusception. While blood can be present, it is usually mixed with mucus, giving the currant jelly appearance. Bright red blood alone might suggest other conditions like anal fissures or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. .
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Lethargy, or excessive drowsiness and lack of energy, can be a sign of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, or even bowel perforation in a child with intussusception. These are serious complications that require immediate medical attention. Normal temperature range is 36.5°C to 37.5°C (97.7°F to 99.5°F).
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