A child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is likely to experience which of the following?
Decreased risk of falls.
Rapid cognitive development.
Increased muscle strength.
Wheelchair dependence
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive genetic disorder characterized by muscle degeneration and weakness. Individuals with DMD experience significant muscle weakness, particularly in the lower limbs, leading to an increased risk of falls due to impaired balance and gait instability. Decreased muscle strength directly compromises postural control.
Choice B rationale
Rapid cognitive development is not a typical characteristic of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. While DMD primarily affects skeletal muscles, some individuals may experience cognitive impairments, ranging from mild learning difficulties to more significant intellectual disabilities. The disease is linked to dystrophin deficiency in brain tissue, which can impact neurological function.
Choice C rationale
Increased muscle strength is antithetical to the pathology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The hallmark of DMD is progressive muscle weakness caused by the absence or malfunction of dystrophin, a protein vital for maintaining muscle fiber integrity. This leads to chronic muscle damage, inflammation, and eventual replacement of muscle tissue with fat and fibrous tissue.
Choice D rationale
Wheelchair dependence is a common and almost inevitable outcome for individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Due to the progressive muscle weakness affecting ambulation, most individuals with DMD lose the ability to walk independently between ages 7 and 13, necessitating the use of a wheelchair for mobility as the disease progresses and leg muscles deteriorate.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Phalen's Maneuver is a diagnostic test used to assess for carpal tunnel syndrome. It involves sustained wrist flexion, which increases pressure within the carpal tunnel, exacerbating median nerve compression symptoms such as tingling and numbness in the hand. This test is unrelated to spinal curvature assessment.
Choice B rationale
The Romberg Test evaluates proprioception and cerebellar function, assessing a person's ability to maintain balance with eyes closed. It helps identify neurological deficits affecting balance and coordination but does not involve direct assessment of spinal alignment or curvature, thus it is not used for scoliosis screening.
Choice C rationale
Adam's Forward Bend Test is the primary method used during scoliosis screening. It involves the individual bending forward at the waist with feet together and arms hanging loosely. This position makes any asymmetry or prominence of the ribs or spine more visible, indicating a potential spinal curvature.
Choice D rationale
Lasegue's Sign Test, also known as the Straight Leg Raise Test, is used to detect nerve root irritation, typically associated with sciatica or herniated lumbar discs. It involves passively raising the straightened leg of a supine patient to elicit pain, indicating nerve compression. This test is not for scoliosis screening.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A possible sign of pregnancy typically refers to a cluster of symptoms or physical changes that *could* suggest pregnancy but are not definitive, such as missed menses or breast tenderness. Feeling fetal movement is more specific and falls into a more advanced category of signs.
Choice B rationale
A presumptive sign of pregnancy refers to subjective changes experienced by the woman that suggest pregnancy but could be caused by other conditions. Examples include nausea, fatigue, and amenorrhea. While fetal movement *could* be subjective, a woman feeling it is generally considered a strong indicator.
Choice C rationale
A probable sign of pregnancy refers to objective signs noted by an examiner that strongly suggest pregnancy but are still not definitive. Examples include a positive pregnancy test (detects hCG, which can be elevated in other conditions), Hegar's sign (softening of the lower uterine segment), and Chadwick's sign (bluish discoloration of the cervix).
Choice D rationale
A positive sign of pregnancy refers to objective evidence that can only be attributed to the presence of a fetus. Feeling the baby move, known as quickening when felt by the mother, is a strong indicator. However, *actual* positive signs include fetal heart tones detected by an examiner, visualization of the fetus by ultrasound, or palpation of fetal parts by an examiner. The mother feeling movement is considered a positive sign because it's highly specific to fetal presence.
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