A child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is likely to experience which of the following?
Decreased risk of falls.
Rapid cognitive development.
Increased muscle strength.
Wheelchair dependence
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive genetic disorder characterized by muscle degeneration and weakness. Individuals with DMD experience significant muscle weakness, particularly in the lower limbs, leading to an increased risk of falls due to impaired balance and gait instability. Decreased muscle strength directly compromises postural control.
Choice B rationale
Rapid cognitive development is not a typical characteristic of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. While DMD primarily affects skeletal muscles, some individuals may experience cognitive impairments, ranging from mild learning difficulties to more significant intellectual disabilities. The disease is linked to dystrophin deficiency in brain tissue, which can impact neurological function.
Choice C rationale
Increased muscle strength is antithetical to the pathology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The hallmark of DMD is progressive muscle weakness caused by the absence or malfunction of dystrophin, a protein vital for maintaining muscle fiber integrity. This leads to chronic muscle damage, inflammation, and eventual replacement of muscle tissue with fat and fibrous tissue.
Choice D rationale
Wheelchair dependence is a common and almost inevitable outcome for individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Due to the progressive muscle weakness affecting ambulation, most individuals with DMD lose the ability to walk independently between ages 7 and 13, necessitating the use of a wheelchair for mobility as the disease progresses and leg muscles deteriorate.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs) are commonly the first-line treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). They work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), thereby reducing the production of prostaglandins, which are inflammatory mediators responsible for pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints.
Choice B rationale
Antifungal medications are used to treat fungal infections. JIA is an autoimmune inflammatory condition, not caused by fungal pathogens. Therefore, antifungal medications have no therapeutic role in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Choice C rationale
Antibiotics are specifically designed to combat bacterial infections. JIA is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, primarily joints. It is not caused by bacteria, so antibiotics are ineffective for its treatment.
Choice D rationale
Antiviral medications are used to treat viral infections. JIA is not caused by viral pathogens but rather by an autoimmune dysfunction. Therefore, antiviral medications do not play a role in the primary management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, adolescence (roughly ages 12-18) is characterized by the central crisis of identity versus role confusion. During this stage, adolescents explore various roles, beliefs, and values to form a cohesive sense of self and define their place in society, integrating past experiences with future aspirations.
Choice B rationale
Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the psychosocial crisis associated with early childhood, typically ages 1-3 years. During this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Successful resolution leads to autonomy, while failure can result in feelings of shame and self-doubt.
Choice C rationale
Trust versus mistrust is the psychosocial crisis of infancy, typically ages 0-1 year. In this stage, infants develop a sense of trust in caregivers and the world based on the consistency and reliability of care received. Successful resolution fosters hope and security, while neglect can lead to mistrust and anxiety.
Choice D rationale
Industry versus inferiority is the psychosocial crisis characteristic of school age, typically ages 6-12 years. Children at this stage are focused on developing competence and mastering academic and social skills. Success in these endeavors leads to a sense of industry, while difficulties can result in feelings of inferiority and low self-esteem.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.