A client asks a nurse to look at a raised lesion on the skin that has been present for about 5 years. Which is an "ABCD" characteristic of malignant melanoma?

Asymmetrical shape

Diameter less than 6mm

Color is uniform

Borders well demarcated

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Asymmetrical shape: One of the key "ABCD" characteristics of malignant melanoma is asymmetry. Melanomas often have an irregular shape where one half does not match the other, unlike benign moles, which are typically symmetrical. This characteristic helps in distinguishing malignant lesions from benign ones.
B) Diameter less than 6mm: Malignant melanomas are often larger than 6 mm in diameter, especially as they progress. While smaller lesions can still be malignant, a diameter less than 6 mm is not a distinguishing feature for melanoma. Typically, melanomas are identified as growing larger over time.
C) Color is uniform: Malignant melanomas usually exhibit multiple colors or uneven pigmentation rather than uniform color. Uniform color is more characteristic of benign moles. Melanomas can show a mix of colors, including shades of brown, black, and sometimes red or white.
D) Borders well demarcated: Malignant melanoma often has irregular, not well-defined borders. The edges of a melanoma are usually uneven or not clearly defined, unlike benign moles, which typically have smooth, well-demarcated borders.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Egophony: Egophony is a type of abnormal voice sound transmission where the letter "E" is heard as an "A" when auscultated through a stethoscope. This can indicate underlying lung pathology, such as consolidation or infection, that alters the way sounds are transmitted through the lung tissue.
B. Normal voice transmission: Normal voice transmission would involve hearing the letter "E" clearly and accurately as the patient says it, without distortion. The presence of an "A" sound indicates an abnormal finding, not a normal one.
C. Air-filled lungs: Air-filled lungs typically transmit voice sounds clearly and normally. If the sound changes to an "A," this suggests a pathology that alters sound transmission, rather than indicating simply air-filled lungs.
D. Bronchophony: Bronchophony refers to the increased clarity of spoken sounds heard through the stethoscope over areas of lung consolidation, but it does not specifically describe the transformation of the letter "E" to "A." The specific change in sound transmission described here is characteristic of egophony.

A. 20 represents the distance a normal eye can read and 40 represents the distance your eye read the chart. B. 20 represents the distance you are placed from the chart and 40 represents the distance a normal eye read the chart. C. 20 represents the distance you are placed from the chart and 40 represents the distance your eye read the chart. D. 40 represents the distance you are placed from the chart and 20 represents the distance normal eye read the chart.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) 20 represents the distance a normal eye can read and 40 represents the distance your eye read the chart: This option incorrectly reverses the interpretation of the numbers. The correct interpretation is that the first number represents the distance at which the patient is reading the chart, and the second number represents the distance at which a person with normal vision would be able to read the same line.
B) 20 represents the distance you are placed from the chart and 40 represents the distance a normal eye read the chart: This is the correct interpretation of visual acuity. In the Snellen chart system, the first number (20) represents the distance (in feet) from which the patient is viewing the chart, while the second number (40) represents the distance at which a person with normal vision (20/20) would be able to read the same line of the chart.
C) 20 represents the distance you are placed from the chart and 40 represents the distance your eye read the chart: This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe what the numbers mean. The second number represents the distance at which normal vision can read the line, not the distance the patient’s eye read the chart.
D) 40 represents the distance you are placed from the chart and 20 represents the distance normal eye read the chart: This option incorrectly assigns the numbers. The distance of 20 feet is standard for testing vision, and 40 feet is the benchmark for normal vision. The correct understanding is that 20 is the test distance, and 40 is the comparison distance for normal vision.

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A client asks a nurse to look at a raised lesion on the skin that has been present for about 5 years. Which is an "ABCD" characteristic of malignant melanoma?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During a respiratory physical assessment, the nurse directs the patient to say and repeat the letter E for the transmitted voice sounds assessment. The nurse by auscultation hears the letter A instead of E. This is known as:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is performing a complete physical examination on a patient. After examining the patient with the Snellen chart, the nurse documented distance vision in both eyes 20/40. The patient asks the nurse what 20/40 means:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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