A client asks a nurse to look at a raised lesion on the skin that has been present for about 5 years. Which is an "ABCD" characteristic of malignant melanoma?

Asymmetrical shape

Diameter less than 6mm

Color is uniform

Borders well demarcated

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Asymmetrical shape: One of the key "ABCD" characteristics of malignant melanoma is asymmetry. Melanomas often have an irregular shape where one half does not match the other, unlike benign moles, which are typically symmetrical. This characteristic helps in distinguishing malignant lesions from benign ones.
B) Diameter less than 6mm: Malignant melanomas are often larger than 6 mm in diameter, especially as they progress. While smaller lesions can still be malignant, a diameter less than 6 mm is not a distinguishing feature for melanoma. Typically, melanomas are identified as growing larger over time.
C) Color is uniform: Malignant melanomas usually exhibit multiple colors or uneven pigmentation rather than uniform color. Uniform color is more characteristic of benign moles. Melanomas can show a mix of colors, including shades of brown, black, and sometimes red or white.
D) Borders well demarcated: Malignant melanoma often has irregular, not well-defined borders. The edges of a melanoma are usually uneven or not clearly defined, unlike benign moles, which typically have smooth, well-demarcated borders.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Delirium: Delirium is characterized by a sudden onset of confusion, agitation, and fluctuating levels of consciousness. It often develops over a short period, such as hours to days, and is typically associated with an underlying medical condition, medication, or infection. The patient's rapid change from being oriented and calm to confused and agitated suggests a sudden onset, which is indicative of delirium.
B. Sundowning: Sundowning refers to a pattern of increased confusion and agitation that occurs in the late afternoon or evening, primarily in individuals with dementia. While it involves fluctuations in mental status, it does not usually present with a sudden onset of symptoms as described in this case.
C. Alzheimer’s: Alzheimer’s disease is a form of chronic dementia characterized by gradual and progressive cognitive decline over months to years. The sudden onset of confusion and agitation does not align with the gradual progression typical of Alzheimer's disease.
D. Dementia: Dementia is a general term for a decline in cognitive ability that affects daily life, usually developing gradually over time. Unlike delirium, dementia does not present with a sudden change in behavior or mental status, making it less likely in this scenario where the change was abrupt.

A. Trochlear B. Optic C. Oculomotor D. Abducens E. Facial

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

A) Trochlear: The trochlear nerve (CN IV) is responsible for innervating the superior oblique muscle, which helps control the downward and inward movement of the eye.
B) Optic: The optic nerve (CN II) is primarily involved in vision and visual acuity, not in the movement of the eye. It transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
C) Oculomotor: The oculomotor nerve (CN III) controls most of the extraocular muscles, including those responsible for eye movement (superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique) and also controls pupil constriction.
D) Abducens: The abducens nerve (CN VI) controls the lateral rectus muscle, which is responsible for the outward movement of the eye.
E) Facial: The facial nerve (CN VII) controls the muscles of facial expression and is not involved in eye movements.

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A client asks a nurse to look at a raised lesion on the skin that has been present for about 5 years. Which is an "ABCD" characteristic of malignant melanoma?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which cranial nerves are involved in eye movements? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

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