A client asks a nurse to look at a raised lesion on the skin that has been present for about 5 years. Which is an "ABCD" characteristic of malignant melanoma?

Asymmetrical shape

Diameter less than 6mm

Color is uniform

Borders well demarcated

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Asymmetrical shape: One of the key "ABCD" characteristics of malignant melanoma is asymmetry. Melanomas often have an irregular shape where one half does not match the other, unlike benign moles, which are typically symmetrical. This characteristic helps in distinguishing malignant lesions from benign ones.
B) Diameter less than 6mm: Malignant melanomas are often larger than 6 mm in diameter, especially as they progress. While smaller lesions can still be malignant, a diameter less than 6 mm is not a distinguishing feature for melanoma. Typically, melanomas are identified as growing larger over time.
C) Color is uniform: Malignant melanomas usually exhibit multiple colors or uneven pigmentation rather than uniform color. Uniform color is more characteristic of benign moles. Melanomas can show a mix of colors, including shades of brown, black, and sometimes red or white.
D) Borders well demarcated: Malignant melanoma often has irregular, not well-defined borders. The edges of a melanoma are usually uneven or not clearly defined, unlike benign moles, which typically have smooth, well-demarcated borders.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Pectoralis major tear: A tear of the pectoralis major muscle would likely cause pain and weakness, particularly in activities involving pushing or lifting. While it may affect shoulder movements, it is less likely to specifically impair the ability to reach behind the back and touch the shoulder blade compared to rotator cuff issues.
B) Arthritis: Arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis, can cause decreased range of motion and pain in the shoulder joint. However, the specific movement described—placing one hand behind the back to touch the shoulder blade—is most commonly affected by issues with the rotator cuff rather than arthritis alone.
C) Rotator Cuff Tendinitis: Rotator cuff tendinitis is a common cause of shoulder pain and decreased range of motion, particularly affecting movements that require lifting the arm or reaching behind the back. Tendinitis in the rotator cuff can lead to pain and difficulty performing the movement described due to inflammation and impingement of the tendons.
D) Gout: Gout is a type of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, often affecting the big toe but can affect other joints. While it can cause joint pain and inflammation, it is less likely to specifically impair the shoulder movement described compared to rotator cuff tendinitis.

A. Romberg test B. Rapid alternating movement test C. Tinel test D. Allen test

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Romberg test: The Romberg test is used to assess a person’s balance and proprioception by asking them to stand with their eyes closed. It does not evaluate the patency of the ulnar and radial arteries.
B) Rapid alternating movement test: The rapid alternating movement test evaluates motor function and coordination by asking the patient to perform tasks like rapidly alternating hand movements. This test is not related to assessing arterial patency.
C) Tinel test: The Tinel test is used to detect nerve compression or irritation by tapping over a nerve, such as the median nerve at the wrist, to see if it elicits a tingling sensation. It does not assess the patency of the ulnar and radial arteries.
D) Allen test: The Allen test is specifically designed to evaluate the patency of the ulnar and radial arteries. It involves occluding both arteries at the wrist while the patient makes a fist and then releasing one artery to assess blood flow to the hand. This test ensures that there is adequate blood supply to the hand if one of the arteries is compromised.

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A client asks a nurse to look at a raised lesion on the skin that has been present for about 5 years. Which is an "ABCD" characteristic of malignant melanoma?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse asks the client to "place one hand behind the back and touch the shoulder blade" in the position shown. The patient explains he cannot perform the movement. What MOST likely is causing the patient decreased range of motion (ROM) in this joint?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The test done to evaluate and compare the patency of the ulnar and radial arteries is:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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