A client diagnosed with liver disease asks the nurse why the health care provider is changing the dose of the client’s medications. Which statement is the nurse’s best response?
You should really ask your health care provider
The health care provider is afraid you will become dependent on the medications
The usual dose of medication may be too large for your liver
The affinity of the medication changes with liver disease
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Redirecting the client to the provider avoids addressing the question and misses an educational opportunity. Liver disease affects drug metabolism, and the nurse can explain this. This response is inappropriate, as it fails to provide the client with accurate information about their medication adjustments.
Choice B reason: Medication dose changes in liver disease are due to impaired metabolism, not dependency concerns. Dependency is unrelated to hepatic function or pharmacokinetics. This statement is inaccurate, as it misrepresents the reason for dose adjustments in the context of liver disease.
Choice C reason: Liver disease impairs drug metabolism via cytochrome P450 enzymes, reducing clearance and increasing drug levels, risking toxicity. Dose adjustments prevent adverse effects. This statement is accurate, as it directly addresses how liver dysfunction necessitates lower doses for safe and effective medication use.
Choice D reason: Medication affinity (binding to receptors) is not significantly altered by liver disease. Instead, impaired hepatic metabolism affects drug clearance, not receptor interactions. This statement is inaccurate, as it misattributes dose changes to a pharmacological property unrelated to liver function.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system produces autoantibodies, such as anti-nuclear antibodies, that attack healthy tissues like joints, skin, kidneys, and other organs. This leads to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. B-cell hyperactivity and T-cell dysfunction drive this process, causing systemic effects. This statement is accurate, as autoimmunity defines SLE’s pathology, distinguishing it from non-autoimmune disorders.
Choice B reason: Most individuals with SLE survive due to improved treatments like immunosuppressive drugs, with over 90% surviving beyond 10 years. However, it can be fatal due to complications such as kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, or infections during severe flares. This statement is accurate, reflecting the disease’s manageable yet potentially lethal nature, especially with organ involvement.
Choice C reason: Family history is a known risk factor for SLE. Genetic predisposition, particularly HLA gene variants, increases susceptibility. First-degree relatives of SLE patients have a 5-10% higher risk of developing the disease compared to the general population. This statement is inaccurate, as genetics significantly influences SLE onset, making it a key risk factor.
Choice D reason: SLE is a chronic, progressive connective tissue disorder characterized by periods of flares and remission. It affects connective tissues like joints and skin, with progressive organ damage possible in severe cases. This statement is accurate, as SLE’s chronic nature and connective tissue involvement are central to its pathophysiology, often requiring long-term management.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Phenazopyridine is a urinary analgesic that relieves pain, burning, and irritation in the urinary tract by exerting a topical anesthetic effect on the uroepithelium. It is commonly used for symptomatic relief in UTIs, making this statement accurate, as it directly addresses its therapeutic role in managing urinary discomfort.
Choice B reason: Phenazopyridine is used short-term (typically 2 days) for symptom relief, not necessarily until an antibiotic course is completed. Antibiotics treat the underlying UTI, while phenazopyridine addresses symptoms. This statement is inaccurate, as their durations are independent, based on clinical need, not synchronized completion.
Choice C reason: Phenazopyridine is not contraindicated in UTIs; it is specifically indicated for symptomatic relief in these infections. It does not treat the infection but alleviates discomfort. This statement is inaccurate, as phenazopyridine is a standard adjunctive therapy in UTI management for pain relief.
Choice D reason: Phenazopyridine provides relief within hours, not almost immediately. Its onset requires absorption and distribution to the urinary tract, typically taking 1-2 hours. This statement is inaccurate, as the relief, while rapid, is not instantaneous, and patients should be informed of the expected timeframe.
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